30 Questions
Which of the following characteristics is NOT true for the indicator used in dye-dilution methods?
Retained by the body
What is the indicator used in dye-dilution methods?
Indocyanine dye
Which device records the dye concentration in the blood after a known dye sample was injected upstream?
Swan Ganz catheter
Which method is mostly used in dye dilution?
Dye-dilution
What is the advantage of the dye-dilution method?
Most accurate in high-cardiac output states
What is a disadvantage of the dye-dilution method?
Dye unstable/photosensitive
What is the currently most widely used technique for cardiac output monitoring?
Swan Ganz catheter
How many measurements should be averaged in thermodilution for accurate results?
3
What is the acceptable difference between each of the three measurements in thermodilution?
10%
Which of the following conditions is NOT suitable for the dye-dilution method?
Intra-cardiac shunts
Which imaging test uses sound waves to measure the frequency shift of a particular sample volume to determine the speed and direction of blood flow?
Doppler ultrasound
What is the advantage of thoracic electrical bioimpedence as a method of determining cardiac output?
Non-invasive
Which technique uses computer algorithms to measure pulsatile changes in the conductivity of the thorax to determine stroke volume, cardiac output, myocardial contractility, and afterload?
Thoracic electrical bioimpedence
Which factor(s) can affect the accuracy of thoracic electrical bioimpedence?
Aortic regurgitation
Which technique measures the mean velocity of blood flow by inducing voltage proportional to the velocity of motion in an electrical conductor?
Blood flow probes
Which technique is particularly useful in the cardiovascular setting and can be used to assess insufficient valves, left ventricular function, and ejection fraction?
ECHO
Which factor(s) can affect the accuracy of Doppler ultrasound?
Thick chest walls
Which technique measures the velocity of a fluid with ultrasound to calculate volume flow?
Doppler ultrasound
Which technique uses electromagnetic induction to measure the mean velocity of blood flow?
Blood flow probes
Which technique is time consuming, requires bulky equipment, and an experienced operator?
ECHO
Which equation represents the computation of cardiac output using the thermodilution method?
CO = K \cdot G \cdot G \cdot V \cdot (T - T_{B}) \cdot U_{B}
Which of the following is true about the ideal thermodilution curve?
The volume of cardiac output is inversely proportional to the area under the curve.
Which of the following patient-generated errors can affect the accuracy of thermodilution?
All of the above
Which of the following technique-generated errors can affect the accuracy of thermodilution?
All of the above
Which of the following is a disadvantage of thermodilution?
Not accurate in the presence of tricuspid regurgitation and intra-cardiac shunts
Which of the following is a parameter measured by the FloTrac system?
All of the above
What is the formula used by the FloTrac system to calculate cardiac output?
CO = SV \cdot HR
Which of the following methods is considered noninvasive for measuring cardiac output?
Doppler ultrasonography and echocardiographic imaging
Which method of measuring cardiac output assesses blood flow velocity?
Doppler
Which of the following is an advantage of the FloTrac system?
All of the above
Test your knowledge on dilution methods used for monitoring cardiac output and blood flow. Learn about indicator characteristics, commonly used indicators, and the measurement techniques involved.
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