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Dilemmas of Loyalty and Public Apologies
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Dilemmas of Loyalty and Public Apologies

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Questions and Answers

Why do official public apologies play a role in providing a basis for moral political settlement?

  • They absolve individuals of personal responsibility.
  • They emphasize moral individualism and freedom.
  • They help recognize the persisting effects of injustices on victims.
  • They bind up the wounds of the past and acknowledge wrongs committed. (correct)

    • Locke argued that legitimate government must be based on consent because:

  • Legitimate government must be authoritarian.
  • Individuals are bound by divine right of kings.
  • Individuals are incapable of making sound decisions.
  • People are autonomous and should have a say in their governance. (correct)

    • What does Immanuel Kant argue is essential for one to be considered free and autonomous?

  • Being governed by external laws imposed by society.
  • Having a bundle of preferences and desires.
  • Being subject to paternal authority.
  • Being governed by a law one gives themselves. (correct)

    • Why is moral individualism criticized in the text?

    <p>It undermines the duty to bear the moral burden of historic injustices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of public apologies, who is considered capable of apologizing for past injustices?

    <p>Only those directly responsible for the injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key aspect of Kantian autonomy as discussed in the text?

    <p>Being governed by self-imposed laws as a mark of freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rawls, what approach should be taken when determining principles of justice for a society?

    <p>Asking what principles we would agree to behind a veil of ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In moral decision-making, what aspect is emphasized by both Kant and Rawls?

    <p>Independence from personal interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Utilitarianism from Aristotle's theory of the good?

    <p>Maximizing pleasure vs. realizing nature and human capacities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aristotle, what is the focus of his theory of the good?

    <p>Realizing nature and human capacities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Kant and Rawls argue about the relationship between the right and the good?

    <p>The right is prior to the good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Kant and Rawls propose approaching the framing of a just constitution?

    <p>By setting aside particular aims and attachments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant and Rawls, what is the first step towards thinking of ourselves as autonomous beings?

    <p>Arriving at the principle that defines our duties and rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason Kant and Rawls reject Aristotle's teleology?

    <p>It limits individual freedom of choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In modern liberal political thought, what do egalitarian liberals believe is necessary to enable individuals to pursue their own ends?

    <p>Providing basic social and economic rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do libertarians differ from egalitarian liberals in terms of policy ideals?

    <p>Libertarians defend free markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viewpoint aligns more with the idea that justice should be neutral towards conceptions of the good life?

    <p>Rawls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental difference exists in how Kant and Rawls approach defining duties and rights compared to teleological doctrines?

    <p>Kant and Rawls prioritize individual autonomy over external definitions of the good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons Kant and Rawls rejected Aristotle's view of justice?

    <p>It failed to respect persons as free and independent selves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should we set aside when debating justice and rights?

    <p>Both our personal moral and religious convictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text suggest that disagreements about moral and religious questions are reasonable?

    <p>Because it is not expected that a conscientious person will arrive at the same conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest is necessary to achieve a just society?

    <p>Reasoning together about the meaning of the good life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is justice not only about?

    <p>Both the right way to distribute and value things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest is a common misconception about conceptions of virtue and the common good in politics?

    <p>That they are only advocated by religious conservatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a new politics of the common good aim to cultivate in citizens?

    <p>A concern for the whole and dedication to the common good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text highlight as a concern regarding the expansion of markets?

    <p>Markets may rewrite norms governing social institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might find political traction that arguments about income distribution alone do not?

    <p>Focusing on the civic consequences of inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply is a more promising basis for a just society?

    <p>A politics of moral engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the focus of a new politics of the common good regarding inequality?

    <p>Highlighting the connection between distributive justice and the common good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply is necessary to prevent markets from rewriting norms governing social institutions?

    <p>A public debate about the moral limits of markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to libertarians, what is a key feature of a neutral state?

    <p>Maintaining civil liberties and private property rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of obligations do natural duties and voluntary obligations fall under, according to the text?

    <p>Universal and require consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the liberal conception of obligation, what is the basis for obligations to fellow citizens?

    <p>Universal natural duty not to commit injustice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do liberal philosophers allow loyalty to override universal moral principles as long as rights are not violated?

    <p>To fulfill general duty by helping those close at hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes obligations of solidarity from natural duties and voluntary obligations?

    <p>They do not require consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objection against obligations of solidarity, according to the text?

    <p>They lead to a violation of natural duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept do both Kant and Rawls utilize to conceive the moral agent as independent of personal aims and attachments?

    <p>Autonomous will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between Utilitarianism and Aristotle's theory of the good as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Focus on maximizing pleasure vs. realization of nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Rawls suggest should be done to ensure a society is a voluntary arrangement?

    <p>Base it on principles chosen behind a veil of ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Kant and Rawls differ from Aristotle in their approach to defining duties and rights?

    <p>Duties and rights are based on universal principles, not nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea behind Aristotle's theory of the good as discussed in the text?

    <p>Realizing human nature and developing capacities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do Kant and Rawls argue that the right is prior to the good?

    <p>Principles of justice should not be based on any particular conception of the good life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant and Rawls, what must one do first in order to think of themselves as autonomous beings?

    <p>Will the moral law and establish principles of duty and rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental difference between Kant, Rawls, and teleological doctrines in their approach to defining the right and the good?

    <p>Kant and Rawls prioritize the right over the good, while teleological doctrines prioritize the good over the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do egalitarian liberals argue is necessary for individuals to truly pursue their own ends?

    <p>Ensuring a strong social safety net and economic rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason Kant and Rawls reject Aristotle's teleology?

    <p>It does not allow individuals to freely choose the good for themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between egalitarian liberals and libertarians in their policy ideals, according to the text?

    <p>Egalitarian liberals support government intervention, while libertarians advocate for free markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate purpose of the debate over the priority of the right over the good?

    <p>To explore the meaning of human freedom and autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criticism of moral individualism?

    <p>It fails to account for the influence of societal norms and collective responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason given for why Locke argued that legitimate government must be based on consent?

    <p>To uphold the principle of individual autonomy and freedom from external authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the notion of Kantian autonomy as described in the text?

    <p>The capacity to rationally deliberate and choose one's own moral principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is a primary purpose of official public apologies in the context of historical injustices?

    <p>To establish a basis for moral and political reconciliation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinction between Kant's and Locke's views on individual autonomy?

    <p>Kant emphasizes the importance of rational self-determination, while Locke focuses on freedom from external authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best captures the text's critique of moral individualism?

    <p>It neglects the importance of historical context and intergenerational ties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is one key reason Kant and Rawls reject Aristotle's conception of justice?

    <p>It fails to respect persons as free and independent selves capable of choosing their own ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is necessary to achieve a just society?

    <p>Reasoning together about the meaning of the good life and creating a public culture that accommodates disagreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is one potential misconception about conceptions of virtue and the common good in politics?

    <p>That they are exclusively promoted by religious conservatives attempting to impose their values on others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what should be set aside when debating justice and rights?

    <p>Personal moral and religious convictions that may be subject to reasonable disagreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is one aspect that distinguishes Kant and Rawls's approach to defining duties and rights from teleological doctrines like Aristotle's?

    <p>Kant and Rawls reject the idea of a single, comprehensive conception of the good life that all should pursue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the passage, what might a new politics of the common good aimed at cultivating in citizens?

    <p>A capacity to reason together about competing notions of honor, virtue, and the right way to value things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between Kant and Rawls's rejection of Aristotle's teleology?

    <p>Kant emphasizes individual autonomy, while Rawls focuses on the relationship between the right and the good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of liberal political thought do libertarians and egalitarian liberals differ on?

    <p>Their stance on free markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Kant and Rawls's views on individual liberty differ from Aristotle's teleological doctrines?

    <p>Kant and Rawls prioritize individual choice, while Aristotle focuses on prior moral ties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In modern liberal political thought, what is a key feature that libertarians focus on?

    <p>Respecting individual choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates egalitarian liberals from libertarians in their policy ideals?

    <p>Egalitarian liberals support a neutral state, while libertarians argue for free markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Kant and Rawls's rejection of Aristotle's teleology relate to human freedom?

    <p>By suggesting that Aristotle's teleology limits individual choice in choosing the good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason Kant and Rawls reject Aristotle's way of thinking about justice?

    <p>It fails to leave room for freedom in individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about achieving a just society?

    <p>Reasoning together about the good life is essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the passage imply about justice and competing notions?

    <p>Justice is judgmental and intertwined with honor and virtue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is moral individualism criticized in the text?

    <p>It disregards competing notions of honor and virtue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as a promising basis for a just society in the text?

    <p>Conceptions of virtue and the common good informing politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should we reason from a political conception of the person when debating justice and rights?

    <p>To respect differing moral and religious views.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind moral individualism?

    <p>We are responsible only for our own actions, not those of others or events beyond our control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for Locke's argument that legitimate government must be based on consent?

    <p>We are free and independent beings, not bound by moral ties or collective responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text characterize Kantian autonomy?

    <p>It requires us to think of ourselves as more than just a bundle of preferences and desires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of official public apologies regarding historical injustices?

    <p>To bind up the wounds of the past and provide a basis for moral political settlement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is a key distinction between Kant's and Locke's views on individual autonomy?

    <p>Locke emphasized consent, while Kant's notion of autonomy is more demanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one objection against obligations of solidarity?

    <p>It leaves little room for collective responsibility or a duty to bear the moral burden of historic injustices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a new politics of the common good aim to cultivate in citizens?

    <p>A dedication to the common good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a concern regarding the expansion of markets?

    <p>Markets rewriting norms governing social institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might find political traction that arguments about income distribution alone do not?

    <p>Focusing on the civic consequences of inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to prevent markets from rewriting norms governing social institutions?

    <p>A public debate about the moral limits of markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a new politics of the common good help highlight?

    <p>The connection between distributive justice and the common good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what type of politics is described as more inspiring and promising for a just society?

    <p>A politics of moral engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rawls, what approach should we take when determining principles of justice for a society?

    <p>Choose behind a veil of ignorance, setting aside our roles and identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept do both Kant and Rawls utilize to portray the moral agent as independent of personal aims?

    <p>The autonomous will (Kant) and hypothetical agreement (Rawls)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Kant and Rawls argue the right should be determined, in contrast to teleological theories like Aristotle's?

    <p>Without reference to particular conceptions of the good life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental distinction exists between how Kant and Rawls define duties and rights versus Aristotle's theory?

    <p>Kant and Rawls reason deontologically, Aristotle reasons teleologically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what aspect of Aristotle's ethics does his theory of the good focus on?

    <p>Realizing human nature and developing human capacities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the passage suggest Rawls saw as necessary for a society to be truly voluntary?

    <p>Choosing principles from behind a veil of ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some possible themes of a new politics of the common good?

    <p>Citizenship, sacrifice, service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a politics of moral engagement considered more promising for a just society?

    <p>Inspiring ideal and basis for a just society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus when considering inequality, solidarity, and civic virtue in a new politics?

    <p>Civic consequences of inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a public debate about the moral limits of markets necessary?

    <p>To prevent market rewriting of norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a just society require in terms of citizen cultivation?

    <p>Dedication to the common good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a new politics aim to cultivate a concern for the whole?

    <p>To achieve a just society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea behind a politics of the common good?

    <p>Moral and spiritual questions in civic concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when discussing the moral limits of markets?

    <p>Preventing market norms in social institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a strong sense of community important for a just society?

    <p>It fosters citizenship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a politics of moral engagement more promising for a just society?

    <p>Inspiring ideal and basis for justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some possible themes of a new politics of the common good?

    <p>Citizenship, sacrifice, service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to have a public debate about the moral limits of markets?

    <p>To prevent the market from rewriting the norms governing social institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What civic consequences of inequality should a new politics focus on?

    <p>Highlighting the connection between distributive justice and the common good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is proposed as a more promising basis for a just society?

    <p>A politics of moral engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a politics of moral engagement considered more promising than a politics of avoidance?

    <p>It is a more inspiring ideal and a better basis for a just society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest is the key focus when discussing the moral limits of markets?

    <p>Preventing the market from rewriting social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might find political traction that arguments about income distribution alone do not?

    <p>Focusing on the civic consequences of inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is essential for a just society regarding inequality?

    <p>Reversing the civic consequences of inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply is necessary to prevent the market from rewriting social norms?

    <p>Having a public debate about the moral limits of markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a more promising basis for a just society than income distribution alone?

    <p>Focusing on the civic consequences of inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Kant and Rawls reject Aristotle's way of thinking about justice?

    <p>They don't think it leaves room for freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for Kant and Rawls rejecting Aristotle's teleology?

    <p>It fails to respect persons as free and independent selves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when discussing the moral limits of markets?

    <p>To reason together about the meaning of the good life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, why is a strong sense of community important for a just society?

    <p>To create a public culture hospitable to disagreements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Kant and Rawls argue about the relationship between the right and the good?

    <p>They believe they are distinct and should be treated separately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is moral individualism criticized in the text?

    <p>It fails to value the importance of community and common good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Utilitarianism from Aristotle's theory of the good?

    <p>Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant and Rawls, what is the first step towards thinking of ourselves as autonomous beings?

    <p>To reason together about the meaning of the good life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a new politics of the common good aim to cultivate in citizens?

    <p>A public culture hospitable to disagreements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key reason Kant and Rawls reject Aristotle's conception of justice?

    <p>It does not leave room for freedom and independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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