Digital Self and Gender Identity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary benefit of self-compassion?

  • Enhanced societal approval
  • Heightened perfectionism
  • Reduced anxiety and depression (correct)
  • Increased self-criticism

Self-compassion involves criticizing oneself when experiencing difficulties.

False (B)

Name one phrase associated with self-compassion.

May I be kind to myself

Self-compassion helps to mindfully open to the sting of __________ pain.

<p>emotional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of self-compassion with their descriptions:

<p>Kindness = Being warm and understanding towards oneself Mindful awareness = Recognizing when we suffer or fail Universal suffering = Understanding that suffering is part of life Self-kindness = Responding with love instead of criticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stress is defined as having positive connotations?

<p>Eustress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specific and difficult goals lead to lower performance outcomes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Locke's research, what is critical for achieving specific and difficult goals?

<p>Commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hans Selye defined stress as the body’s nonspecific response to any __________.

<p>demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Eustress = Positive stress Distress = Negative stress Goal setting = A process to improve performance Self-efficacy = Belief in one's ability to succeed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is necessary for high commitment to goals?

<p>The individual believes the goal is important (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Goals primarily affect performance by influencing the direction of action.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of feedback on goal performance?

<p>Improved motivation and performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of selective self-presentation in the cyberworld?

<p>To build relationships by controlling how others perceive us (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gender and sex are the same concepts and can be used interchangeably.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Alarm Stage in stress response?

<p>To mobilize the body’s defensive forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Exhaustion Stage occurs when the body has sufficient adaptation energy left.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Judith Butler and what is she known for?

<p>Judith Butler is an American philosopher and gender theorist known for her work on gender, sexuality, and identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one relaxation technique that can help counter chronic stress.

<p>Deep abdominal breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

___ is defined as 'thinking about thinking'.

<p>Metacognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Stage of Resistance, the body begins to __________ the challenge.

<p>resist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the smart sharing rules mentioned?

<p>Share everything openly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following relaxation techniques with their descriptions:

<p>Yoga = Combines physical postures with breath control Tai Chi = A form of exercise involving slow movement and focus Visualization = Imagining a peaceful scene to promote relaxation Repetitive Prayer = Using a mantra for focused meditation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can affect the appraisal of stressors?

<p>Cultural values and beliefs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-management only refers to knowing your limits in learning.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of metacognition?

<p>To have the capability to study independently and evaluate progress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two aspects included in metacognition?

<p>Self-Appraisal and Self-Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maintaining close relationships is beneficial for stress management.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one self-care recommendation for managing stress?

<p>Get enough rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's capability to perform a specific task.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the concept of self-efficacy?

<p>Albert E. Bandura</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of __________ involves browsing material while focusing on keywords and phrases.

<p>skimming</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following study strategies with their descriptions:

<p>Rehearsing = Making personal interpretations or summaries of experiences Self-Test = Evaluating comprehension of learning experiences Incubate ideas = Allowing time for concepts to develop Outline = Structuring the information you want to learn</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of metacognition?

<p>Increased reliance on memorization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bobo Doll Experiment was conducted by Albert Bandura to demonstrate self-efficacy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does outcome expectancy refer to in self-efficacy theory?

<p>A person's estimate that a given behavior will lead to certain outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes self-efficacy?

<p>A person's belief in their capabilities to perform and influence events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

People with low self-efficacy tend to set higher aspirations and stay committed to their goals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who conducted the BOBO Doll Experiment?

<p>Albert E. Bandura</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Dweck, a ______ mindset believes that effort and perseverance can lead to success.

<p>growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Self-efficacy = Belief in one's capabilities to influence events Fixed Mindset = Belief that abilities are innate and unchangeable Growth Mindset = Belief that abilities can be developed through effort Goal Setting Theory = A theory focused on how setting goals affects motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals with high self-efficacy?

<p>They tend to shy away from challenges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carol S. Dweck is known for her work in understanding self-efficacy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main sources of self-efficacy according to Bandura?

<p>Performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, physiological states</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Selective Self-Presentation

The process of presenting a carefully constructed version of ourselves to others online. It involves choosing what information to share and adjusting our behavior to create a positive impression.

Metacognition

Understanding and being aware of your own thinking processes, including your knowledge, strengths, and weaknesses.

Self-Appraisal

The ability to assess your own learning and identify areas where you need improvement.

Self-Management

Techniques used to manage your thinking processes effectively, such as planning, adapting, and monitoring your learning.

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Personal Variable (Metacognitive Knowledge)

Understanding your personal strengths and weaknesses in learning.

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Task Variable (Metacognitive Knowledge)

Understanding the nature of a learning task and what is required to succeed.

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Strategy Variable (Metacognitive Knowledge)

Being aware of the strategies and skills you have to approach different learning tasks.

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Knowing Your Limits

Having an accurate assessment of what you know and what you don't know.

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Self-compassion

Treating ourselves with kindness, understanding, and acceptance, especially when we experience difficulties or failures, instead of harsh self-criticism.

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Self-compassion phrases

Phrases that encourage self-compassion, including acknowledging suffering, reminding ourselves it's part of life, and wishing for kindness and care.

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Self-compassion and emotional well-being

Experiencing emotional well-being through a combination of self-kindness during difficult times and a lack of self-criticism.

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Self-compassion and motivation

Shifting focus from seeking societal approval to personal growth, reducing perfectionism and anxiety, and encouraging striving for goals.

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Self-compassion vs. Self-esteem

Self-compassion focuses on kindness towards oneself, while self-esteem focuses on our overall self-worth.

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Self-efficacy

The belief in your ability to successfully accomplish a specific task or achieve a goal. It's the confidence you have in your own skills.

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Outcome Expectancy

A person's assessment that a specific behavior will lead to a particular outcome. It's about understanding the link between actions and results.

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Efficacy Expectation

The conviction that you can successfully execute the required behavior to produce the desired outcome. It's the belief in your ability to do what it takes.

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Rehearsing

A learning strategy involving actively retrieving knowledge from memory. It helps solidify and strengthen your understanding.

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Skimming

A learning strategy focused on quickly scanning material to identify key information, keywords, phrases, or sentences.

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Self-Test

Assessing your understanding of the learning material by testing yourself.

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Scope and limitations of resources

Identifying the limitations and capabilities of your available resources to determine the most appropriate approach for a task.

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Characteristics of High Self-Efficacy

People with high self-efficacy tend to approach challenges with a positive attitude, set high goals, and persist even when faced with setbacks.

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Characteristics of Low Self-Efficacy

People with low self-efficacy tend to avoid challenges, set low goals, and give up easily when faced with difficulties.

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Sources of Self-Efficacy

The idea that self-efficacy can be influenced by past experiences, observing others, encouragement from others, and our own physical and emotional state.

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Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment

A study conducted by Albert Bandura in the 1950s that demonstrated how children learn aggression through observation and imitation.

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Fixed Mindset

The belief that intelligence and abilities are fixed traits, leading to a fear of failure.

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Growth Mindset

The belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through hard work, learning, and perseverance.

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Goal Setting Theory

A theory of motivation that emphasizes the importance of setting specific, challenging, and achievable goals.

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Final Causality

The idea that actions are driven by a purpose or goal, rather than simply being random or without intent.

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Goals

Objectives that individuals set for themselves, encompassing both internal motivations and external influences.

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Goal Difficulty

The more challenging a goal is, the greater the sense of accomplishment when it is achieved, but it requires dedication and knowledge to succeed.

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Goal Specificity

Goals that are clearly defined and specific tend to lead to more precise and regulated performance.

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Specific and Difficult Goals

Goals that are both challenging and clearly defined tend to result in the highest levels of performance.

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Goal Commitment

The level of commitment to a goal is crucial, especially when the goal is challenging and specific.

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Eustress

A positive type of stress that is often associated with enjoyable or beneficial situations, such as getting married, achieving a promotion, or experiencing a joyful event.

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Distress

A negative type of stress that is often associated with unpleasant or challenging situations, such as divorce, punishment, injury, or financial difficulties.

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Alarm Stage

The body mobilizes its defenses and prepares for "fight or flight." This involves heightened physiological responses like increased heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and breathing.

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Resistance Stage

The body adapts to the stressor and attempts to resist its effects. The duration depends on the body's reserves and stressor intensity.

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Exhaustion Stage

The body's resources are depleted, leading to a breakdown in health and potentially death. This stage occurs after prolonged exposure to stress.

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Relaxation Response

A set of techniques including deep breathing, visualization, meditation, and yoga, aimed at reducing stress and inducing relaxation.

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Physical Activity

Physical activity helps combat stress by improving circulation, reducing muscle tension, and releasing endorphins.

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Social Support

Social support from loved ones can be a powerful stress buffer, reducing feelings of isolation and enhancing overall well-being.

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Cultural Dimension of Stress

Cultural values, beliefs, and norms influence how we perceive stressors and choose coping strategies.

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Self-care Therapy

A collection of practical strategies for managing stress, including acknowledging your feelings, seeking support, maintaining routines, and self-care practices.

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Study Notes

Digital Self and Impression Management

  • Goffman (1959) and Leary (1995) suggest we control how others perceive us, choosing shared information and adjusting behavior to create favorable impressions, crucial for relationships.

Gender and Sexuality Online

  • Sex refers to biological traits (male, female, intersex).
  • Gender is social and cultural identification.
  • Sexuality is romantic or sexual attraction (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual).

Judith Butler

  • An American philosopher and gender theorist known for work on gender, sexuality, and identity.

Performing Gender Online

  • People express and navigate gender through online profiles, language, behavior, and visuals.

Setting Online Boundaries

  • Stick to safe sites.
  • Protect passwords.
  • Limit shared information.
  • Think before posting.
  • Do not bully or embarrass others.

Managing and Caring for the Self: Metacognition

  • "Thinking about thinking" (Livingston 1997, Papaleontiou Louca 2003)
  • Awareness of knowledge/skill scope and limitations (Meichenbaum 1985).
  • Enables adapting existing knowledge and skills for learning tasks.
  • Includes emotional regulation and motivation while learning.
  • Self-appraisal involves reflecting on knowledge/capabilities.
  • Self-management is a mental process, using knowledge in planning and adaptation.

Metacognitive Knowledge

  • Personal variables (strengths/weaknesses in learning).
  • Task variables (knowledge/thoughts about the task).
  • Strategy variables (relevant strategies/skills for certain tasks).
  • Other skills include knowing personal limits, evaluating knowledge/unknowns, scope of available resources, and modifying approaches.

Goal of Metacognition

  • Ability to study independently and assess progress accurately.
  • Benefits include compensation for cognitive limitations, improved performance, and knowledge transfer.

Self-Efficacy Theory

  • Albert Bandura, born 1925.
  • Emphasizes self-belief for achieving goals; introduced self-efficacy in 1997.
  • Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to execute specific behaviors.
  • Outcome expectancy is the estimation of a given behavior leading to particular outcomes.

Self-Efficacy Expectation

  • People with high self-efficacy see challenging tasks as opportunities.
  • Set challenging goals, maintain strong commitment, and sustain efforts through setbacks.
  • People with low self-efficacy are hesitant, low in aspiration, or give up quickly.

Self-Efficacy Theory of Motivation

  • Performance accomplishments (mastery experiences) are crucial.
  • Vicarious experiences or observations are also influential.
  • Verbal or social persuasion motivates people.
  • Physiological states (somatic & emotional) affect expectations.

Fixed and Growth Mindset Theory

  • Carol S. Dweck, psychologist.
  • Fixed mindset: success is innate, failure is a negative reflection on ability.
  • Growth mindset: success depends on hard work, learning, and perseverance. Failure is an opportunity for improvement.

Goal Setting Theory

  • Dr. Edwin Locke, developed goal-setting theory in the 1960s.
  • Goals are meaningful, have internal and external aspects, and achievement increases with difficulty but commitment and knowledge must be present.

Stress and Human Response

  • Hans Selye's stress definition: body's nonspecific response to demand, pleasant or unpleasant.
  • Eustress: Positive stress (e.g., marriage, promotions).
  • Distress: Negative stress (e.g., divorce, injury).
  • General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): A three-stage response (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) to stress

Techniques to Counter Chronic Stress

  • Relaxation response: Deep breathing, visualization, repetitive prayer, meditation.
  • Physical activity (deep breathing, yoga, tai chi) and social support.
  • Self-care therapy to help manage and cope with stressors better.

Theory and Therapy of Self-Compassion

  • Warmth and understanding toward oneself during difficulties recognizes imperfections and suffering as common.
  • Self-compassion therapy improves emotional intelligence, coping, and reduces perfectionistic tendencies. It distinguishes self-compassion from self-esteem.

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Description

Explore the concepts of digital self-presentation, gender identity, and online behavior in this engaging quiz. Based on works by Goffman, Leary, and Judith Butler, test your knowledge about how we manage our impressions online and navigate gender and sexuality in digital spaces.

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