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Questions and Answers
What is a primary benefit of self-compassion?
What is a primary benefit of self-compassion?
Self-compassion involves criticizing oneself when experiencing difficulties.
Self-compassion involves criticizing oneself when experiencing difficulties.
False
Name one phrase associated with self-compassion.
Name one phrase associated with self-compassion.
May I be kind to myself
Self-compassion helps to mindfully open to the sting of __________ pain.
Self-compassion helps to mindfully open to the sting of __________ pain.
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Match the following aspects of self-compassion with their descriptions:
Match the following aspects of self-compassion with their descriptions:
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What type of stress is defined as having positive connotations?
What type of stress is defined as having positive connotations?
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Specific and difficult goals lead to lower performance outcomes.
Specific and difficult goals lead to lower performance outcomes.
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According to Locke's research, what is critical for achieving specific and difficult goals?
According to Locke's research, what is critical for achieving specific and difficult goals?
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Hans Selye defined stress as the body’s nonspecific response to any __________.
Hans Selye defined stress as the body’s nonspecific response to any __________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What aspect is necessary for high commitment to goals?
What aspect is necessary for high commitment to goals?
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Goals primarily affect performance by influencing the direction of action.
Goals primarily affect performance by influencing the direction of action.
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What is a potential outcome of feedback on goal performance?
What is a potential outcome of feedback on goal performance?
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What is the primary focus of selective self-presentation in the cyberworld?
What is the primary focus of selective self-presentation in the cyberworld?
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Gender and sex are the same concepts and can be used interchangeably.
Gender and sex are the same concepts and can be used interchangeably.
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What is the primary purpose of the Alarm Stage in stress response?
What is the primary purpose of the Alarm Stage in stress response?
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The Exhaustion Stage occurs when the body has sufficient adaptation energy left.
The Exhaustion Stage occurs when the body has sufficient adaptation energy left.
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Who is Judith Butler and what is she known for?
Who is Judith Butler and what is she known for?
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Name one relaxation technique that can help counter chronic stress.
Name one relaxation technique that can help counter chronic stress.
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___ is defined as 'thinking about thinking'.
___ is defined as 'thinking about thinking'.
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In the Stage of Resistance, the body begins to __________ the challenge.
In the Stage of Resistance, the body begins to __________ the challenge.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the smart sharing rules mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT one of the smart sharing rules mentioned?
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Match the following relaxation techniques with their descriptions:
Match the following relaxation techniques with their descriptions:
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Which of the following factors can affect the appraisal of stressors?
Which of the following factors can affect the appraisal of stressors?
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Self-management only refers to knowing your limits in learning.
Self-management only refers to knowing your limits in learning.
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What is the primary goal of metacognition?
What is the primary goal of metacognition?
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What are the two aspects included in metacognition?
What are the two aspects included in metacognition?
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Maintaining close relationships is beneficial for stress management.
Maintaining close relationships is beneficial for stress management.
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What is one self-care recommendation for managing stress?
What is one self-care recommendation for managing stress?
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Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's capability to perform a specific task.
Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's capability to perform a specific task.
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Who introduced the concept of self-efficacy?
Who introduced the concept of self-efficacy?
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The process of __________ involves browsing material while focusing on keywords and phrases.
The process of __________ involves browsing material while focusing on keywords and phrases.
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Match the following study strategies with their descriptions:
Match the following study strategies with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of metacognition?
Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of metacognition?
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The Bobo Doll Experiment was conducted by Albert Bandura to demonstrate self-efficacy.
The Bobo Doll Experiment was conducted by Albert Bandura to demonstrate self-efficacy.
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What does outcome expectancy refer to in self-efficacy theory?
What does outcome expectancy refer to in self-efficacy theory?
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Which of the following best describes self-efficacy?
Which of the following best describes self-efficacy?
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People with low self-efficacy tend to set higher aspirations and stay committed to their goals.
People with low self-efficacy tend to set higher aspirations and stay committed to their goals.
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Who conducted the BOBO Doll Experiment?
Who conducted the BOBO Doll Experiment?
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According to Dweck, a ______ mindset believes that effort and perseverance can lead to success.
According to Dweck, a ______ mindset believes that effort and perseverance can lead to success.
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals with high self-efficacy?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals with high self-efficacy?
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Carol S. Dweck is known for her work in understanding self-efficacy.
Carol S. Dweck is known for her work in understanding self-efficacy.
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What are the four main sources of self-efficacy according to Bandura?
What are the four main sources of self-efficacy according to Bandura?
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Study Notes
Digital Self and Impression Management
- Goffman (1959) and Leary (1995) suggest we control how others perceive us, choosing shared information and adjusting behavior to create favorable impressions, crucial for relationships.
Gender and Sexuality Online
- Sex refers to biological traits (male, female, intersex).
- Gender is social and cultural identification.
- Sexuality is romantic or sexual attraction (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual).
Judith Butler
- An American philosopher and gender theorist known for work on gender, sexuality, and identity.
Performing Gender Online
- People express and navigate gender through online profiles, language, behavior, and visuals.
Setting Online Boundaries
- Stick to safe sites.
- Protect passwords.
- Limit shared information.
- Think before posting.
- Do not bully or embarrass others.
Managing and Caring for the Self: Metacognition
- "Thinking about thinking" (Livingston 1997, Papaleontiou Louca 2003)
- Awareness of knowledge/skill scope and limitations (Meichenbaum 1985).
- Enables adapting existing knowledge and skills for learning tasks.
- Includes emotional regulation and motivation while learning.
- Self-appraisal involves reflecting on knowledge/capabilities.
- Self-management is a mental process, using knowledge in planning and adaptation.
Metacognitive Knowledge
- Personal variables (strengths/weaknesses in learning).
- Task variables (knowledge/thoughts about the task).
- Strategy variables (relevant strategies/skills for certain tasks).
- Other skills include knowing personal limits, evaluating knowledge/unknowns, scope of available resources, and modifying approaches.
Goal of Metacognition
- Ability to study independently and assess progress accurately.
- Benefits include compensation for cognitive limitations, improved performance, and knowledge transfer.
Self-Efficacy Theory
- Albert Bandura, born 1925.
- Emphasizes self-belief for achieving goals; introduced self-efficacy in 1997.
- Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to execute specific behaviors.
- Outcome expectancy is the estimation of a given behavior leading to particular outcomes.
Self-Efficacy Expectation
- People with high self-efficacy see challenging tasks as opportunities.
- Set challenging goals, maintain strong commitment, and sustain efforts through setbacks.
- People with low self-efficacy are hesitant, low in aspiration, or give up quickly.
Self-Efficacy Theory of Motivation
- Performance accomplishments (mastery experiences) are crucial.
- Vicarious experiences or observations are also influential.
- Verbal or social persuasion motivates people.
- Physiological states (somatic & emotional) affect expectations.
Fixed and Growth Mindset Theory
- Carol S. Dweck, psychologist.
- Fixed mindset: success is innate, failure is a negative reflection on ability.
- Growth mindset: success depends on hard work, learning, and perseverance. Failure is an opportunity for improvement.
Goal Setting Theory
- Dr. Edwin Locke, developed goal-setting theory in the 1960s.
- Goals are meaningful, have internal and external aspects, and achievement increases with difficulty but commitment and knowledge must be present.
Stress and Human Response
- Hans Selye's stress definition: body's nonspecific response to demand, pleasant or unpleasant.
- Eustress: Positive stress (e.g., marriage, promotions).
- Distress: Negative stress (e.g., divorce, injury).
- General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): A three-stage response (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) to stress
Techniques to Counter Chronic Stress
- Relaxation response: Deep breathing, visualization, repetitive prayer, meditation.
- Physical activity (deep breathing, yoga, tai chi) and social support.
- Self-care therapy to help manage and cope with stressors better.
Theory and Therapy of Self-Compassion
- Warmth and understanding toward oneself during difficulties recognizes imperfections and suffering as common.
- Self-compassion therapy improves emotional intelligence, coping, and reduces perfectionistic tendencies. It distinguishes self-compassion from self-esteem.
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Description
Explore the concepts of digital self-presentation, gender identity, and online behavior in this engaging quiz. Based on works by Goffman, Leary, and Judith Butler, test your knowledge about how we manage our impressions online and navigate gender and sexuality in digital spaces.
