Digital Products and ICT in Society
74 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is primarily responsible for the borderless nature of digital products?

  • Their physical presence in the market
  • Their dependency on manual production processes
  • Their immaterial essence of 1s and 0s (correct)
  • Their reliance on tangible resources

Which factor is NOT highlighted as a benefit of information and communication technology (ICT)?

  • Increasing environmental degradation (correct)
  • Enhancing productivity
  • Improving living standards
  • Reducing poverty

What key contribution of management in the 21st century is emphasized by Drucker?

  • To maintain traditional manufacturing processes
  • To increase the productivity of knowledge work (correct)
  • To standardize knowledge across all sectors
  • To ensure job security for manual workers

What does the term 'creative destruction' refer to in the context of technology?

<p>The continuous process of innovation disrupting existing markets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Drucker, what pressing task is necessary for today's society regarding knowledge?

<p>To teach individuals how to learn continuously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT represent a characteristic of digital products?

<p>Expensive to produce initially (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as the most pressing challenge in modern knowledge management?

<p>Constantly improving and challenging knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metaphor is used to describe a frictionless economy?

<p>A well-oiled machine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the idea that old technologies can hinder companies' adaptation to new technologies?

<p>Creative Destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following jobs did not exist a decade ago?

<p>Telemedicine physician (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to predictions in the past, what was believed to be unlikely to be successful?

<p>Voice transmission over wires (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What correctly defines data in the context of business?

<p>Raw facts without context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process turns data into information?

<p>Contextualization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of knowledge in the context of business?

<p>To interpret information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles is considered a knowledge worker?

<p>Product manager (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should companies do to prepare for future technological changes?

<p>Innovate within their industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of how data can be processed to provide information?

<p>Calculating the average from survey results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the top skills businesses will prioritize for 2027?

<p>Cloud service management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which argument reflects a common misconception about technology's future?

<p>New technology will eliminate old jobs completely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect should organizations focus on regarding data management?

<p>Managing data as a resource (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can companies leverage new data combinations effectively?

<p>By generating new opportunities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prediction about computers was proven incorrect?

<p>Five computers would be enough for everyone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of storage device is typically used for long-term data storage?

<p>Block Storage Devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum storage capacity of a standard DVD?

<p>9 GB (dual density) (A), 4.7 GB (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of expansion card is designed to enhance a computer's graphics capabilities?

<p>Graphics Card (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is considered a type of non-volatile storage?

<p>Hard Disk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bytes are typically needed to store a complete version of Shakespeare's works?

<p>5 MB (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an embedded system?

<p>A microcontroller-based system designed for specific tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common storage capacity range for USB flash storage devices?

<p>32 MB to 512 GB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which programming concept is represented by a series of step-by-step instructions for a task?

<p>Algorithm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes high-level programming languages from low-level languages?

<p>High-level languages are easier for humans to understand. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of optical storage devices compared to block storage devices?

<p>Optical storage devices are generally slower. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding mobile devices is incorrect?

<p>Tablet computers are generally smaller than smartphones. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does a USB 3.0 expansion card serve?

<p>To add support for faster USB devices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much data can be stored in a single terabyte?

<p>1,000 GB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing a hardware upgrade on a computer?

<p>To enhance performance or capacity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an expert system in medicine?

<p>To mimic expert decisions based on patient data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT one of the essential parts of an Information System?

<p>Budgeting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Transaction Processing System (TPS)?

<p>It collects and processes data transactions for an enterprise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Management Information Systems (MIS) is accurate?

<p>They provide summary reports to aid middle management's decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do feedback mechanisms play in a system?

<p>They help in modifying inputs based on outputs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Decision Support System (DSS) primarily used for?

<p>Enhancing decision-making through data and models. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes 'Data' from 'Information'?

<p>Data consists of raw facts, while information is processed data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are Transaction Processing Systems critical for businesses?

<p>They can result in customer dissatisfaction if transactions are not captured. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym DIKAR stand for in the context of information systems?

<p>Data, Information, Knowledge, Action, Results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component connects computers to create effective networks?

<p>Telecommunications/Networks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of procedures in Information Systems?

<p>To outline methods and rules for using the information system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a system in general terms?

<p>A collection of interconnected elements that process inputs to achieve goals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typical of a system?

<p>It exists independently of its environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key feature differentiates software from hardware?

<p>Software consists of instructions that direct hardware actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Executive Support Systems (ESS)?

<p>To assist senior management in making strategic decisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of a knowledge management system?

<p>It supports the creation and dissemination of business knowledge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of systems produce information needed by other organizational systems?

<p>Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is primarily focused on enhancing competitive advantage through products and services?

<p>Strategic Information Systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Information Management (IM) primarily aim to achieve in an organization?

<p>To capture and deliver the right information to the right people at the right time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is responsible for storing intermediate results during processing in a CPU?

<p>Random Access Memory (RAM) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Control Unit (CU) of the CPU?

<p>It controls the flow of data and operations within the computer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of output devices in a computer system?

<p>To convert processed output into human-readable format. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which processing speed measurement equals one operation per second?

<p>Hertz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems is focused on providing expert advice within a specific domain?

<p>Expert Systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is used to store data in a permanent manner?

<p>Secondary memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of integrating various information systems within an organization?

<p>To enable easy information flow and provide an enterprise-wide view. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) in a CPU?

<p>To perform arithmetic and logic operations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of primary memory?

<p>Hard disk drive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes the transformation of old technologies impacting the adoption of new technologies?

<p>Creative Destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model emphasizes the hierarchy of understanding from data to wisdom?

<p>DIKAR Model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core component of an Information System?

<p>Data Privacy Laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of system primarily supports decision-making processes?

<p>Decision Support System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does NOT typically define a good quality information?

<p>Complexity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main characteristics of cloud computing?

<p>Scalability and on-demand resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes Porter's 5 Forces?

<p>A model for analyzing competitive environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern associated with e-commerce?

<p>Regulatory compliance and data security (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of data analytics, what distinguishes big data from smart data?

<p>Big data focuses on volume, while smart data emphasizes actionable insights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the systems development phases?

<p>Evaluation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Immateriality of Digital Products

Digital products exist as ones and zeros, making them intangible and essentially weightless. They can be easily copied and distributed.

Digital Product Replication Cost

Creating a digital product can be expensive, but once created, replicating and distributing it costs almost nothing.

Borderless Nature of Digital Products

Digital products have no physical boundaries. They can be accessed and shared across geographical borders instantly.

Indestructibility of Digital Products

Digital products can exist and be accessed indefinitely, even if the original source is lost or destroyed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Public Good of Digital Products

One person accessing a digital product doesn't hinder another person's access. It's a public good because it's not limited in use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Knowledge Worker Productivity

In the 21st century, the focus shifts from improving manual labor productivity to improving knowledge worker productivity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lifelong Learning

Learning is an ongoing process crucial for adapting to a constantly changing world, especially in the knowledge-based economy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Creative Destruction (Schumpeter)

Innovation and technological advancements constantly disrupt existing industries, destroying the old and creating new ones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Creative Destruction

A process where new technologies replace old ones, causing economic upheaval but ultimately leading to progress. This cycle drives innovation and capitalism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Disruptive Technology

A new technology that significantly alters an existing market or industry, often initially underestimated or dismissed by established players.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Computerization of Jobs

The automation of tasks previously performed by humans using computers and algorithms, leading to changes in the job market.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Data

Raw facts and figures that have no inherent meaning until processed and given context.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Information

Data that has been processed and given meaning within a context. It becomes useful and understandable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Knowledge

Understanding the rules for interpreting information and applying it effectively. It involves knowing what to do with information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Knowledge Workers

People whose primary capital is knowledge, requiring critical thinking, problem-solving, and creative skills.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Business Process

A series of activities or steps that a business undertakes to achieve a specific goal or outcome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Information Quality

Characteristics of information that make it reliable, accurate, and valuable for decision-making.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Communication (Information Use)

Using information to share ideas, coordinate actions, and inform stakeholders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Support Business Processes (Information Use)

Using information to facilitate and optimize business operations, such as manufacturing, logistics, or customer service.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decision-Making (Information Use)

Using information to analyze situations, evaluate options, and make informed choices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Processing Data

Transforming raw data into meaningful information by applying context and analysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

New Market Niches

Identifying and exploiting opportunities for new products, services, or customer segments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Product and Process Improvement

Using data to identify bottlenecks, optimize processes, and enhance product quality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expert Systems

Computer programs designed to mimic the reasoning of human experts in specific domains, using rules and knowledge bases to solve problems or provide advice.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ONCOLOG System

An expert system used in medicine to analyze patient data, suggest chemotherapy options, and provide doctors with helpful information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DIKAR Model

A framework that describes the relationship between data, information, knowledge, action, and results, emphasizing the progressive transformation of raw data into actionable insights.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Information Technology (IT)

The use of computers and software to store, process, transmit, and manage information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System

A set of interconnected elements or components that work together to achieve a specific goal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System Boundary

The line that separates a system from its environment, defining what is inside and outside the system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System Environment

The surroundings or context in which a system operates, including external factors that can influence its behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Information System (IS)

A collection of interrelated elements or components designed to capture, process, store, and disseminate data and information to achieve a specific objective.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Input

The raw data or information that is received by an information system to be processed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Processing

The transformation or manipulation of input data into meaningful information by an information system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Output

The useful information produced by an information system based on its input and processing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Feedback

Information that is returned back to an information system to monitor its performance and make adjustments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

A type of information system that captures, stores, modifies, and retrieves transactional data in an organization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Management Information System (MIS)

A type of information system that uses data from TPS to generate reports and information useful for routine managerial decision-making.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decision Support System (DSS)

A type of information system that helps decision-makers analyze complex problems, explore alternative solutions, and make better choices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary Storage

Storage devices that hold data permanently, even when the computer is off. They are used to store large amounts of data, such as operating systems, applications, and files.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hard Disk

A type of secondary storage that uses spinning platters to store data magnetically. They are known for their high capacity and speed, making them ideal for storing large amounts of information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Optical Storage

Secondary storage that uses lasers to read and write data on discs with a reflective coating. They include CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flash Storage

A type of secondary storage that uses solid-state memory chips to store data electronically. They are much faster and more durable than hard disks, making them suitable for mobile devices and high-performance computers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expansion Card

A printed circuit board (PCB) that adds functionality to a computer by plugging into an expansion slot on the motherboard.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Graphics Card

An expansion card that processes and displays visual information on the computer screen. It affects the quality and performance of graphics, especially in games and video editing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sound Card

An expansion card that processes and outputs audio to speakers or headphones. It determines the quality and features of sound reproduction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Network Card

An expansion card that enables a computer to connect to a network and communicate with other devices. It allows you to share resources, access the internet, and collaborate with others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hardware Upgrade

Adding or replacing components in a computer system to enhance its performance, capacity, or features.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Embedded System

A specialized computer system designed to perform a specific task within a larger system. They are integrated into devices like cars, refrigerators, and even toys.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mobile Hardware

Computer hardware designed for portability and access to information on the go. It includes devices like mobile phones, tablets, and laptops.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Smartphone

A mobile device that combines a phone with internet connectivity, email, and a wide variety of apps.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tablet

A mobile device with a touchscreen interface and larger screen than a smartphone, offering versatile functionality and mobility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

Systems designed for senior management to make strategic decisions, often incorporating data from external events and internal systems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Relationship of Information Systems

Different information systems within an organization are interconnected, with data flowing between them. TPS provide information to other systems, which then produce information for further systems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expert Systems (ES)

Knowledge-based systems that provide expert advice, essentially mimicking human expertise within a specific field.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Knowledge Management Systems

Systems used to create, organize, and share business knowledge within a company, promoting learning and best practices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Strategic Information Systems

Systems that support activities that give a company a competitive advantage through their products, services, or capabilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Functional Business Systems

Systems supporting operational and managerial tasks across various core business functions, like accounting, finance, or marketing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Information Management (IM)

The process of collecting, managing, and distributing information from various sources to relevant audiences within an organization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Purpose of Information Management

To facilitate access to essential information for individuals and organizations, empowering them to utilize it effectively to enhance organizational value.

Signup and view all the flashcards

An Information Management Strategy

A plan that helps businesses operate strategically, stay informed, respond to market changes, collaborate with partners, and improve customer experiences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The brain of a computer, responsible for processing instructions and performing calculations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

Part of the CPU that carries out mathematical and logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, comparisons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Control Unit (CU)

Part of the CPU that manages the flow and interpretation of instructions and data throughout the computer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Registers

High-speed memory locations within the CPU that store temporary results during calculations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Processor Speed

The rate at which a CPU executes instructions, measured in Hertz (cycles per second).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bus

A communication system within a computer that transfers data between components, such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Output Unit

The part of a computer that converts processed results into human-readable formats, using devices like monitors, printers, or speakers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Memory

The storage area within a computer system where data is kept during processing, categorized into primary and secondary memory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Memory

The main memory of a computer, also known as main memory, used for active data access during processing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary Memory

Permanent storage in a computer system, designed to store data even when the computer is off.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Moore's Law

A prediction stating that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years, leading to exponential increases in computing power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metcalfe's Law

The value of a network increases exponentially as the number of users grows, as each user can connect with more people.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Knowledge Types

Different forms of knowledge, including procedural knowledge (how to do something), declarative knowledge (facts and information), and conceptual knowledge (understanding concepts).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Database Management Systems (DBMSs)

Software programs that allow users to create, maintain, and access databases, providing tools for data storage, organization, retrieval, and security.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cloud Computing

A model that enables convenient access to computing resources (servers, storage, software) over the internet, on demand, and often with a pay-as-you-go pricing model.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Public Cloud

A type of cloud computing where resources are provided by a third-party provider and accessible to the public.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Private Cloud

A type of cloud computing where computing resources are dedicated and solely used by a single organization, often within their own data center.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hybrid Cloud

A combination of public and private cloud resources, allowing organizations to leverage the benefits of both while addressing specific needs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

e-Commerce

The buying and selling of goods and services through electronic means, often using websites or mobile apps.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Characteristics of Digital Products

  • Immateriality: Essentially 1s and 0s
  • Expensive to produce, close to zero cost to replicate
  • Borderless
  • Indestructible
  • Public Good: Use by one doesn't reduce availability to others

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

  • ICT is a key enabler of socioeconomic progress and development
  • Enhances productivity and economic growth, reduces poverty, and improves living standards
  • Revolutionizes production, market access, information sources, and social interactions

The Information Society

  • Drucker emphasizes the increased productivity of knowledge work and knowledge workers in the 21st century, similar to the 20th century's increase in manual worker productivity.
  • Learning is a lifelong process of adapting to change.
  • Knowledge must be constantly improved, challenged, and expanded to remain valuable.
  • Knowledge today controls access to opportunity and advancement.

Creative Destruction

  • Schumpeter's "gale of creative destruction" describes the process of industrial mutation, incessantly revolutionizing the economic structure.
  • Example: Cassette tapes replaced 8-track tapes, then compact discs, then downloads, now streaming services
  • Companies failing to adapt to new technologies may struggle.

Disruptive Technology: Famous Incorrect Predictions

  • Examples of predictions about the future of technology that turned out to be wrong.
    • Locomotives travelling twice as fast as stagecoaches
    • Horses outlasting cars
    • Inability to transmit voice over wires
    • Limited market for computers

Growth and Jobs

  • Algorithm appointed to a board highlights the change of industries by the internet.
  • Industries that have been destroyed and created in the last 10 years. Note: More SIM cards than people.
  • Language barriers reduced by instant translation.

"New" Jobs

  • Jobs that didn't exist a decade ago:
    • Driverless car engineer
    • Social Media Influencer
    • Blockchain Analyst
    • Cloud Service Specialist
    • Podcast Producer
    • Telemedicine Physician
    • Cloud Architect
    • Uber Driver
    • Drone Operator
    • Chief Listening Officer
    • Big Data Scientist
    • Contact Tracer

Businesses' Top 10 Skill Priorities for 2027

  • Source for data on future-proof skills. (Note: This is missing specific details from the original text.)

Data, Information, Knowledge

  • Data: Raw facts and figures
  • Information: Processed data in context, giving it meaning
  • Knowledge: Understanding of rules needed to correctly interpret information.
  • DIKAR Model: Data -> Information -> Knowledge -> Action -> Results

What is a System?

  • A system is a set of interacting elements working towards a goal.
  • Systems take inputs, transform them, and produce outputs.
  • Systems are separate from their environment.
  • Systems include subsystems.
  • Systems use feedback to control themselves.

Definition of Information Systems

  • A set of elements that collects, manipulates, disseminates data and information and provides feedback to meet an objective.
  • Often a department responsible for computers, networking, and data management.

Components of Information Systems

  • Hardware: Physical devices (monitors, processors, printers)
  • Software: Computer programs and manuals
  • People: Users and managers. (Most important)
  • Telecommunications/Networks: Enabling communication, linking computer systems
  • Data: Facts used for information.
  • Procedures: Strategies, policies, methods, and rules

Types of Information Systems

  • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): Collects, stores, modifies and retrieves transaction data. Critical for daily operations (sales orders, payroll, shipping).
  • Management Information Systems (MIS): Uses TPS data to create reports for routine business decisions.
  • Decision Support Systems (DSS): Helps decision makers use data, communications, and models to solve problems.
  • Executive Support Systems (ESS): Supports senior management with non-routine decision making using internal and external data.

Relationship of Systems to One Another

  • TPS are the main source of information for others.
  • Integrating these systems improves organizational performance.

Other Classifications of Information Systems

  • Expert systems: Knowledge-based systems for expert advice.
  • Knowledge management systems: Support knowledge creation and usage.
  • Strategic information systems: Provide competitive advantage.
  • Functional business systems: Support basic business functions.

Benefits of Information Systems

  • Businesses gather, store, manipulate, retrieve, and communicate information efficiently.
  • Enforces business rules.

Information Management (IM)

  • IM is the collection, management, and distribution of information.
  • Aims to deliver the right information to the right people at the right time.
  • Involves people, policies, technology, and data/information.
  • Supports effective operation

Information Management Strategy

  • Supports competitive and strategic operations.
  • Improves the ability to respond to environmental changes.
  • Promotes internal and external communication.
  • Can reduce costs through automation.

Processor Speed

  • Measured in Hertz (number of operations per second).
  • Typical CPU clock speeds range from 1 GHz to 5 GHz. Note: Upcoming 15th Gen Intel Processors will likely surpass 6 GHz.

Flow of Information

  • Bus: A communication system for transferring data between computer components.

Output Unit

  • Output devices (monitors, printers, etc.) convert output into human-readable format.

Memory

  • Primary memory (RAM, cache, ROM) for storage during processing.
  • Secondary memory for long-term storage (hard disks, CDs, DVDs, USBs, SSDs)

Storage

  • Storage capacity of various information objects, from characters to entire libraries.

Storage Devices

  • Block, Optical, and Flash Storage Devices
    • Hard disks, CDs, DVDs, USB sticks, flash cards, SSDs.

Peripherals

  • Expansion cards (graphics, sound, network cards)
  • Additional expansion cards, including those for graphics, sound, and network functionality

Hardware Upgrades

  • Adding new hardware to improve performance, capacity, or features.

Embedded Systems

  • Computer hardware with embedded software.
  • Designed to perform specific tasks. (Examples: fire alarms, appliances)

Mobile Hardware

  • Provides efficiency on the move.
  • Wireless devices (mobile phones, tablets).

Mobile Devices

  • Smartphones, tablets, laptops, smartwatches are examples.

Computer Software

  • Consists of data, instructions (to act on data).
  • Software and hardware rely on each other.

Levels of Abstraction

  • Algorithms (step-by-step instructions).
  • High-level programming languages (closer to human language).
  • Low-level programming languages (machine code).

Programming Languages

  • Artificial languages designed to communicate instructions to computers.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Revision Topics PDF

Description

Explore the defining characteristics of digital products and their impact on the information society. Understand how information and communication technology serves as a catalyst for socioeconomic development, enhancing productivity and access to opportunities. Delve into the concepts of creative destruction and the importance of continual knowledge advancement in today's economy.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser