Digital Logic: AND and OR Gates

Study Notes

A	Output
0	1
1	0

Produces an output that is the inverse of the input
Represented by the Boolean expression ¬A (NOT A)
Truth table shows that the output is 1 when the input is 0, and 0 when the input is 1

Produces an output of 1 only when all inputs are 0
Represented by the Boolean expression ¬(A ∨ B) (NOT (A OR B))
Truth table shows that the output is 1 when both inputs are 0, and 0 when any of the inputs are 1

A mechanism that restricts and regulates access to computer resources, systems, or networks to ensure only authorized individuals or systems can access, modify, or delete sensitive information.

Authentication: Verifying user identity, system, or entity to ensure legitimacy.
Authorization: Granting or denying access to a resource based on user identity and permissions.
Accountability: Tracking and monitoring user activities to ensure responsibility and traceability.

Mandatory Access Control (MAC): A strict, rule-based system that grants access based on a set of rules, ensuring high security.
Discretionary Access Control (DAC): A flexible system that allows owners to set access permissions, providing control and autonomy.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): A system that assigns access based on user roles within an organization, simplifying management.
Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC): A system that grants access based on user attributes, such as department or job function, providing fine-grained control.

Firewalls: Network-based access control that filters incoming and outgoing traffic to prevent unauthorized access.
Network Access Control (NAC): A system that controls access to a network based on user identity, location, and device, ensuring secure connections.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): A system that requires multiple forms of verification, such as password and biometric data, to ensure strong authentication.
Encryption: Protecting data in transit or at rest using cryptographic algorithms, such as AES and RSA, to ensure confidentiality and integrity.

Least Privilege: Granting users only necessary access and permissions to perform job functions, reducing attack surfaces.
Separation of Duties: Dividing tasks and access among multiple individuals to prevent abuse and Ensure accountability.
Regular Auditing and Monitoring: Continuously reviewing and updating access controls to ensure security, detect vulnerabilities, and respond to incidents.