empowerment technologies

• The topic is the power of information and communication technologies.

Name the Thumbnail Activity

• The activity is designed to test how digital native one is.
• Logos for Apple, Google, Facebook, Android, Instagram, Gmail, World Wide Web, YouTube, Chrome, Twitter, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Windows, Wikipedia, and ChatGPT are shown.
• If you got 10 or more correct answers, there is no denying that you are a digital native and information and communication technologies have been in your system.

What is ICT?

• ICT stands for "Information and Communication Technologies."
• It refers to technologies associated with the transmission and exchange of data through digital technology
• Data can be in the form of sound, text, visual images, or signals.
• It focuses on communication technologies like the Internet, wireless networks, and cell phones (Christensson, 2010).

State of ICT in the Philippines

• Z-MEC Network Corporation (2019) presented the history and current state.
• Before 1928: Telecommunications was segmented, limited to local calls.
• 1928: American-owned PLDT was incorporated to establish telephone services, acquiring smaller companies to speed up rollout.
• 1968: PLDT became Filipino-controlled, bought by Ramon Cojuangco.
• 1987: PLDT established the country’s first cellular telephone network.
• 1993: The Philnet project (now PHNET) marked the birth of the Philippine Internet, supported by the Department of Science and Technology and the Industrial Research Foundation.
• 1994: Benjie Tan established the first Philippine Internet connection at PLDT in Makati City.
• 2013: Mobile cellular subscriptions reached 102 million.
• 2014: The Philippines had the fastest-growing internet population in the last five years with a growth of 531%.
• 2017: There were 119 million mobile phone subscriptions (117% penetration rate).
• 95% was prepaid subscriptions
• Greater than 10% broadband subscription
• 55% mobile broadband subscription
• 80% subscribed to the lowest speed plans (1-3 MBPS)

What is the World Wide Web?

• The World Wide Web (or the web) refers to the pages seen on a device when online.
• The Internet is a network of connected computers that the web works on, as well as the system through which emails and files travel (BBC, 2019).

The World Wide Web uses three protocols

• HTML (Hypertext markup language) is the language used to write web pages.
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the most common protocol to request the HTML document from the server and serves it to the browser.
• URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) are addresses that indicate where any given document lives on the web, defined as :///.

Different Online Platforms of the World Wide Web

• Web 1.0: The first-generation web, static and monodirectional, also a read-only web system of cognition.
• Began as a place for businesses to broadcast information.
• Limited user interaction, content contribution, and restricted for searching.
• The main goal was to publish information for anyone and establish an online presence.
• Web 2.0: Dynamic and bi-directional, wisdom web, people-centric web or participative web.
• Allows assembling and managing large global crowds with common interests.
• Users have more interaction but with less control.
• Flexible web design, updates, collaborative creation and modification.
• Supports collaboration and collective intelligence; examples include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing sites, and hosted services.
• Web 3.0: Semantic web designed to aid machines.
• Aims to decrease human tasks and decisions by providing machine-readable content.
• It contains semantic technologies and a social computing environment.
• Designed so web is readable by machines and humans.
• Aims to improve data management, support mobile access, simulate creativity and innovation, encourage globalization, enhance customer satisfaction, and organize web collaboration.
• Can predict answers by learning from the user's previous choices.
• Web 4.0: It is a symbiosis where the human mind and machines can interact.
• Intended to be a read-write-execution-concurrency web with intelligent interactions, but is still undefined.

Web Terminology

• Webpage: A document, commonly written in HTML, viewed in an Internet browser, accessed via a URL and contains text, graphics, and hyperlinks.
• Multiple web pages make up a website.
• Website: A collection of linked web pages sharing a unique domain name with explicit links that allow users to move from one page to another (Mozilla Developer Network, 2020).
• Search Engine: Answer machines used to discover, understand, and organize the internet's content to offer relevant results.

Three primary functions of search engines

• Crawling: Scouring the internet for content, examining code/content for each URL.
• Indexing: Storing and organizing content found during crawling, enabling pages to be displayed as relevant results.
• Ranking: Providing content that best answers search queries, with results ordered from most to least relevant.