Digital Information Technology - Module 1: DBA Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does hardware refer to?

Network connections
Physical aspects of a computer (correct)
Data storage
Software components

What is software?

Everything that goes inside a computer that we can't touch.

What is the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

The main chip in a computer and another name for microprocessor.

What does memory refer to in the context of a computer?

Stored information for the computer to perform its intended function. Signup and view all the answers

How is computer architecture defined?

The selection and interconnection of hardware components. Signup and view all the answers

What are integrated circuits?

Chips made up of transistors and other components. Signup and view all the answers

What does electrical current communicate in a computer?

Messages that communicate commands to the computer. Signup and view all the answers

The smaller the transistor in integrated circuits, the more powerful the circuit.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a CPU?

Processes orders to keep everything running. Signup and view all the answers

What is Google Chrome?

An internet browser. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of operating systems?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is binary code?

Computers speak in 1s and 0s. Signup and view all the answers

What does Read Only Memory (ROM) do?

Allows computers to read information that has been previously loaded. Signup and view all the answers

What is firmware?

A set of instructions that tells electronic devices how to operate. Signup and view all the answers

What is Random Access Memory (RAM)?

Allows computers to read and write memory while powered on. Signup and view all the answers

What are peripherals?

Devices that connect to a computer to provide input or output functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of input in computing?

Used to interact with or send data to the computer. Signup and view all the answers

What is output in a computing context?

Provides output to the user from the computer. Signup and view all the answers

What does storage do in a computer?

Stores data processed by the computer. Signup and view all the answers

What is a bit?

The smallest unit of data a computer uses, either 1 or 0. Signup and view all the answers

What is GB a common measurement for?

1 billion bytes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the desktop refer to on a computer?

The main screen. Signup and view all the answers

What is file structure?

An organized method of naming and storing files. Signup and view all the answers

What are file formats?

The way data is encoded and stored. Signup and view all the answers

What are file extensions?

The letters after a period in the filename that indicate the title format. Signup and view all the answers

What does DOC stand for?

Word document, editable. Signup and view all the answers

What does XLS represent?

Excel, editable. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Portable Document Format (PDF)?

A file format created by Adobe Systems for sharing documents. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)?

Uses compression for internet image files. Signup and view all the answers

What does Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPG) signify?

A type of image file that web browsers can view. Signup and view all the answers

What is the PS file type used for?

Graphics programming file type for desktop publishing. Signup and view all the answers

What does MP3 refer to?

Audio file type that uses compression for music. Signup and view all the answers

What is an OGG file?

An open-source audio file type. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Audio Video Interlaced (AVI) file?

A video file type for video playback programs. Signup and view all the answers

What does MPEG represent?

A video file type created by the Moving Picture Experts Group. Signup and view all the answers

What is Disk Cleanup?

Windows software that analyzes and removes unneeded files. Signup and view all the answers

What is Virus Protection?

Software or hardware that protects your computer from malicious files. Signup and view all the answers

What are viruses?

Programs designed to interfere with computer operations. Signup and view all the answers

What are Trojan Horses?

Programs designed to breach computer security. Signup and view all the answers

What are worms in computing?

Malware that replicates itself to spread to other devices. Signup and view all the answers

What is spyware?

Software that allows others to steal your information. Signup and view all the answers

What is adware?

Software that automatically displays advertising material. Signup and view all the answers

What is malware?

Software intended to damage or take control of a computer. Signup and view all the answers

What is Anti-Virus software?

Software that protects against computer viruses. Signup and view all the answers

What does Anti-Spyware do?

Protects against software that collects personal data without knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What is a firewall?

Protects from threats that access your computer over the internet. Signup and view all the answers

What are free protections in computer security?

Scaled-back versions providing adequate protection against common invaders. Signup and view all the answers

What are paid protections in computer security?

Detects new virus versions and offers technical support. Signup and view all the answers

What is a stand-alone product in security software?

More advanced, research and customize your security system. Signup and view all the answers

What is a security suite?

Offers a wider range of protection but may slow down the computer. Signup and view all the answers

What are built-in firewalls?

Found in Windows and Mac, must be turned on. Signup and view all the answers

What are web browser security settings?

Limited protection that must be customized. Signup and view all the answers

What does diagnosing involve?

The act of finding the problem. Signup and view all the answers

What is troubleshooting?

The act of fixing the problem. Signup and view all the answers

What are general tips for troubleshooting?

Check cable connections, isolate the problem, note error messages. Signup and view all the answers

What to do if programs are slow or not responding?

Try closing and reopening, rebooting the computer, and check for known issues. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Task Manager?

A program that monitors system processes and programs. Signup and view all the answers

What to check if you have problems starting or shutting down a computer?

Check the power cord, reset surge protection, plug in the laptop if low on battery. Signup and view all the answers

What not to do if there is a Non-system disk or disk error?

Don't interrupt the boot process or remove devices. Signup and view all the answers

What is the boot process?

The initial set of operations performed when a computer is powered on. Signup and view all the answers

What to do if your computer will not shut down?

Press and hold the power button until it turns off. Signup and view all the answers

What to do if your computer randomly reboots or crashes?

Check vents for airflow and scan for viruses. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Client/Server Network?

Has a central computer (server) that acts as a hub for clients. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Peer to Peer Network?

Computers connect to share information without a main server. Signup and view all the answers

What are ethernet cables used for?

For high speed connections. Signup and view all the answers

What is Wifi?

A wireless connection through radio waves. Signup and view all the answers

What is Bluetooth?

A wireless connection using short-wave radio frequencies. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Cloud Server?

Allows for file sharing and data backup. Signup and view all the answers

What is Instant Messaging?

Allows for instant communication on computers or smartphones. Signup and view all the answers

What is Teleconferencing?

Allows a group to discuss issues over the phone. Signup and view all the answers

What is Telepresence?

Allows virtual attendance at meetings with visual presence. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Computer Fundamentals

Hardware: Physical components of a computer that can be touched.
Software: Intangible programs and applications that operate within a computer.
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The primary chip responsible for processing instructions; often referred to as the brain of the computer.
Memory: Storage space utilized by a computer to hold information necessary for operations.

Computer Architecture

Computer Architecture: The arrangement and connection of hardware components to achieve specific performance, functional, and cost objectives.
Integrated Circuits: Chips composed of transistors and other elements designed to execute certain functions.

Data Processing

Electrical Current: Signals that facilitate communication of commands internally within the computer.
Random Access Memory (RAM): Temporary storage that allows read and write operations while the computer is powered, cleared upon shutdown.

File Management

File Structure: Systematic methodology for naming and organizing files on a computer.
File Formats and Extensions: Ways in which data is encoded; extensions indicate file types (e.g., .DOC for Word documents, .XLS for Excel spreadsheets).

Digital Media

Digital File Types:
- PDF: Portable Document Format, widely usable, with Adobe Reader as a common viewer.
- JPG: Common image file format viewable in web browsers.
- MP3: Compressed audio file type for efficient music storage.

Security and Protection

Malware: Software specifically created to damage or control computer systems, including viruses, spyware, and adware.
Virus Protection: Tools designed to detect and eliminate harmful software to maintain system integrity.
Firewall: System that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Networking

Client/Server Network: Architecture where a centralized server provides resources to multiple client devices.
Peer-to-Peer Network: Decentralized network that allows direct sharing of resources among connected computers without a central server.

Troubleshooting Techniques

Diagnosing: Process of identifying issues within computer systems or software.
Troubleshooting: The implementation of solutions to correct identified problems.

Communication Tools

Instant Messaging: Feature enabling real-time text communication between users on computers or smartphones.
Telepresence: Technology allowing individuals to attend meetings virtually, enhancing remote collaboration.

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