Podcast
Questions and Answers
A chain of custody document is optional for evidence collection.
A chain of custody document is optional for evidence collection.
False
The timeline of events established from collected data is based solely on the investigator's assumptions.
The timeline of events established from collected data is based solely on the investigator's assumptions.
False
Maintaining the integrity of evidence is crucial to argue that it was not tampered with.
Maintaining the integrity of evidence is crucial to argue that it was not tampered with.
True
Only dead forensics analysis results are used in the examination process.
Only dead forensics analysis results are used in the examination process.
Signup and view all the answers
The investigator can stop the analysis process once the initial hypothesis is formed.
The investigator can stop the analysis process once the initial hypothesis is formed.
Signup and view all the answers
Artifacts alone can confirm or disprove a hypothesis without further analysis.
Artifacts alone can confirm or disprove a hypothesis without further analysis.
Signup and view all the answers
The procedures for data examination must follow standard techniques and methodologies.
The procedures for data examination must follow standard techniques and methodologies.
Signup and view all the answers
It is unnecessary to document who handled the evidence during the investigation.
It is unnecessary to document who handled the evidence during the investigation.
Signup and view all the answers
Live acquisition involves collecting data from the hard drive.
Live acquisition involves collecting data from the hard drive.
Signup and view all the answers
Using multiple software tools during live acquisition is a recommended practice.
Using multiple software tools during live acquisition is a recommended practice.
Signup and view all the answers
A trusted software tool ensures the integrity of evidence can be upheld.
A trusted software tool ensures the integrity of evidence can be upheld.
Signup and view all the answers
Dead Box acquisition requires the computer to be powered on.
Dead Box acquisition requires the computer to be powered on.
Signup and view all the answers
Creating a dead box image involves manipulating the hard drive while the device is operational.
Creating a dead box image involves manipulating the hard drive while the device is operational.
Signup and view all the answers
Volatile memory can be acquired using scripts to automate the process.
Volatile memory can be acquired using scripts to automate the process.
Signup and view all the answers
Forensic analysts do not require specific software for creating forensic images of media.
Forensic analysts do not require specific software for creating forensic images of media.
Signup and view all the answers
Live Box approaches deal with static data stored on hard drives.
Live Box approaches deal with static data stored on hard drives.
Signup and view all the answers
Limiting a report to specifics reduces the time and cost of the investigation when working with a large dataset.
Limiting a report to specifics reduces the time and cost of the investigation when working with a large dataset.
Signup and view all the answers
Formal reports include preliminary findings and conclusions.
Formal reports include preliminary findings and conclusions.
Signup and view all the answers
The abstract of a report summarizes its main ideas and results in one or two short paragraphs.
The abstract of a report summarizes its main ideas and results in one or two short paragraphs.
Signup and view all the answers
Each report should include a section that identifies the technical knowledge of the intended audience.
Each report should include a section that identifies the technical knowledge of the intended audience.
Signup and view all the answers
The body of a report is usually the shortest section and requires the least effort to complete.
The body of a report is usually the shortest section and requires the least effort to complete.
Signup and view all the answers
A table of contents is not necessary for reports as it complicates navigation.
A table of contents is not necessary for reports as it complicates navigation.
Signup and view all the answers
Discussion sections in a report should be organized randomly without headings.
Discussion sections in a report should be organized randomly without headings.
Signup and view all the answers
Every report must have a title that indicates the case under investigation.
Every report must have a title that indicates the case under investigation.
Signup and view all the answers
The DFRWS forensic model consists of four phases.
The DFRWS forensic model consists of four phases.
Signup and view all the answers
Digital investigations often proceed under optimal conditions.
Digital investigations often proceed under optimal conditions.
Signup and view all the answers
Insufficient data retention policies can hinder access to necessary event logs.
Insufficient data retention policies can hinder access to necessary event logs.
Signup and view all the answers
Digital forensics investigators can always access RAM during their investigations.
Digital forensics investigators can always access RAM during their investigations.
Signup and view all the answers
One of the difficulties in digital investigations is sorting out relevant information from a large volume of data.
One of the difficulties in digital investigations is sorting out relevant information from a large volume of data.
Signup and view all the answers
Techniques and tools in computer forensics must be justified legally to ensure the report is presentable in court.
Techniques and tools in computer forensics must be justified legally to ensure the report is presentable in court.
Signup and view all the answers
The investigation report should avoid detailing the selection of tools and procedures used.
The investigation report should avoid detailing the selection of tools and procedures used.
Signup and view all the answers
The primary objective of reporting the investigation is to present findings that are supported by evidence.
The primary objective of reporting the investigation is to present findings that are supported by evidence.
Signup and view all the answers
All steps in the investigation can be divided into various components, each having its own standard operating procedures.
All steps in the investigation can be divided into various components, each having its own standard operating procedures.
Signup and view all the answers
Results from the investigation are evaluated only after all suspicious activities have been identified.
Results from the investigation are evaluated only after all suspicious activities have been identified.
Signup and view all the answers
Investigators need to ensure their reports are consistent with the country’s laws to avoid contradictions.
Investigators need to ensure their reports are consistent with the country’s laws to avoid contradictions.
Signup and view all the answers
Opposing counsel does not examine the contents of the forensic report during a trial.
Opposing counsel does not examine the contents of the forensic report during a trial.
Signup and view all the answers
Preparing an investigation report should ignore the possibility of being cross-examined in a court of law.
Preparing an investigation report should ignore the possibility of being cross-examined in a court of law.
Signup and view all the answers
The conclusion section of a report does not reference the report purpose.
The conclusion section of a report does not reference the report purpose.
Signup and view all the answers
The appendixes in a report contain essential material that must be included in the main text.
The appendixes in a report contain essential material that must be included in the main text.
Signup and view all the answers
The ATT&CK matrix helps to identify the tactics and techniques used by attackers.
The ATT&CK matrix helps to identify the tactics and techniques used by attackers.
Signup and view all the answers
There is only one universally accepted model of the computer forensics process.
There is only one universally accepted model of the computer forensics process.
Signup and view all the answers
The glossary in a report serves as a list of definitions for obvious terms.
The glossary in a report serves as a list of definitions for obvious terms.
Signup and view all the answers
Acknowledgments in a report allow the author to express gratitude to those who assisted in the investigation.
Acknowledgments in a report allow the author to express gratitude to those who assisted in the investigation.
Signup and view all the answers
Forensic examiners only follow the DFRWS forensic model during investigations.
Forensic examiners only follow the DFRWS forensic model during investigations.
Signup and view all the answers
References in a report list the material that supports the reported findings.
References in a report list the material that supports the reported findings.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Forensic Analysis for Computer Systems - Course Plan
- The course covers forensic analysis for computer systems
- It includes topics on legal informatics and multimedia
- The course plan includes introduction, evolution of computer forensics, computer forensics process, computer forensics techniques and tools, types of computer forensics, and forensics readiness
Computer Forensics Process - Introduction
- Forensic examiners use scientific methods to identify and extract digital evidence
- Examiners generally follow a clear process and use well-defined procedures
- The increasing number of digital activities and diverse devices has made the analysis process more complicated
Computer Forensics Process - Challenges
- Lack of clear and relevant data
- Time required for filtering evidence data sets
- Constant change in network, cloud, and digital media devices data
- Difficulty in predicting false alarms versus detection rate
- Potential manipulation of features/data attributes
General Process of Computer Forensics
- Four steps are involved in computer forensics:
- Identification (assessing the situation): Analyze investigation scope and actions
- Collection (acquiring data): Gather, protect, and preserve evidence
- Examination (analyzing data): Examine and correlate digital evidence with events
- Reporting (the investigation): Gather and organize information to write a final report
Collection (Acquire the data):
- The investigator either performs a search or receives digital media for analysis
- Documenting the hardware/software characteristics of the device
- If the machine is running, a capture of live memory (RAM) is important for a dump analysis
- Creating copies of persistent memory (especially hard drives) for later analysis (chain of custody)
Collection (Acquire the data) - File Imaging
- Computer use may lead to data loss, so evidence collection must not be delayed
- Accurate bit-by-bit copies of evidence are critical using specialized forensics software or hardware
- A sector-by-sector copy is the preferred forensic method for copying data
- Created files (forensic images) can have various formats (.AFF, .ASB, .E01, .dd, .raw, .mem, .VMDK, .VDI)
Collection (Acquire the data): File Imaging - continued
- Evidence should not be altered during the copying process
- Hardware write protection devices can prevent changes to the evidence hard drive
- Evidence should be physically secured, and sealed for transport to prevent tampering
- Evidence acquisition can involve live box (running computers) or dead box (turned off computers) approaches
Collection (Acquire the data): Live Box
- Collect volatile information from RAM as an image file
- Establish the operating system and use appropriate software
- Avoid trying multiple software tools in live acquisition
- Rely on trustworthy and accepted software to maintain evidence integrity
Collection (Acquire the data): Dead Box
- Copy the hard drive using write-blocker(devices) without turning the device on
- Creating a dead box image using write protection hardware
- Forensic analysts use applications designed specifically for creating forensic images of media
Examination (Analyze the data)
- Examine collected data using standard procedures, techniques, and tools
- Establish a timeline of events from the device (ordered history of OS, applications, disks, etc.)
- Focus on the period of interest to identify initial scenarios from the recovered data
- Explore possible artifacts to either confirm or reject hypotheses
- New scenarios can arise from the initial hypothesis investigation
- Tools need legal justification for court use
Report the Investigation
- The investigator documents the steps taken in the investigation process
- Documenting methodologies and tools used for this process
- Reporting needs to present the findings and support them evidence
- Each step of the process can be further divided into parts, each following its own standard operating procedures
- Present results, including the attack start points, and details of actions taken for prevention measures
- The investigator's reports must comply with all relevant local laws
- Expect cross-examination on report contents in court
- Report writers need to consider audience technical awareness during report writing
Report Edition
- Report writers need to define investigation goals when writing to limit the scope and cost of investigation
- Audience technical knowledge needs consideration in writing reports
- Formal reports and preliminary reports need to be created, depending on conclusion status
- Includes expected questions and answers documentation
Report Structure
- Report structure aligns with common official and scientific report structures
- Must include a title that specifies the case being investigated
- Abstract summaries the examination and results in short paragraphs
- A table of contents is a roadmap that allows easy navigation
- The body of the report is the core section, including introduction and discussion sections
- Includes conclusion, references, glossary, and acknowledgments
- Appendixes provide supplementary but helpful material that does not fully belong in the main body
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential principles of digital forensics, including evidence collection, integrity maintenance, and analysis methodologies. Test your understanding of the chain of custody, live and dead acquisition processes, and the importance of documentation in forensic investigations.
