Digital Electronics & Microcontrollers Quiz

An OR gate's output is 'high' (1) when at least one of its inputs is 'high' (1).

An AND gate's output is 'high' (1) only when all of its inputs are 'high' (1).

An XOR gate's (Exclusive OR) output is 'high' (1) when only one of its inputs is 'high' (1).

A NOT gate is called an 'Inverter' because it flips or inverts the input signal. A 'high' (1) input becomes a 'low' (0) output and vice versa.

The NAND gate's output is the opposite of the AND gate. The NOR gate's output is the opposite of the OR gate.

An OR gate is used because the paper can be fed either by pushing the button or by a signal from the computer.

An AND gate is needed since both the control program signal and a high water level are required for the motor to operate.

A logic gate that outputs a HIGH signal only if all of its inputs are HIGH.

A logic gate that outputs a HIGH signal if at least one of its inputs is HIGH.

A logic gate that outputs the opposite (inverted) value of its single input.

A logic circuit where the output is determined solely by the current input combination, independent of past input sequences.

A logic gate that outputs a HIGH signal only if its input is a LOW signal.

A logic circuit where the output is determined by the sequence of input signals, considering past states.

A logic gate that outputs a HIGH signal only when the input signals are different.

A logic gate that outputs a HIGH signal only when the input signals are the same.

A combination of logic gates interconnected to perform a specific function.

A table that lists all possible input combinations for a logic network and the corresponding output for each combination.

The process of determining the output of a logic network for each possible input combination.

The process of labeling each input, output, and connection point in a logic network.

The number of input combinations for a logic network is calculated as 2 raised to the power of the number of input variables.

A process of examining a logic network by focusing on one gate at a time, determining its output based on its inputs and then using that output as an input for the next gate.

The output column in a truth table represents the overall output of the entire logic network, considering the logic operations of all the gates.

The output of a gate can be used as an input for another gate, creating a chain of interconnected logic operations.

A NOT gate inverts the input signal, changing a 'high' (1) to a 'low' (0) and vice versa. It's a fundamental building block in digital circuits.

An AND gate only outputs a 'high' (1) when ALL its inputs are 'high' (1). Otherwise, it outputs a 'low' (0).

An OR gate outputs a 'high' (1) when AT LEAST ONE of its inputs is 'high' (1).

A logical expression combines input variables (A, B, etc.) with logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) to determine the output. It's a way to represent a circuit's behavior using mathematical symbols.

A circuit diagram visually represents the connection of logic gates and their inputs/outputs. It's a blueprint for building a digital circuit.

To simplify a Boolean expression, you use Boolean algebra laws (like De Morgan's theorem) to reduce the number of gates and operations, making the circuit more efficient.

Each term in a Boolean expression corresponds to a specific AND gate in the circuit, combining the appropriate inputs with NOT gates if required.

The final output of a circuit is determined by combining the outputs of all the AND gates through an OR gate. This means the output will be 'high' if at least one AND gate output is 'high'.

A group of input/output pins on a microcontroller that are used for communication with the outside world.

A for…next loop is a programming structure that repeats a set of instructions a specified number of times. It utilizes a counter variable to keep track of repetitions.

The Data Direction Register (DDR) is a special register in a microcontroller used to define the function of each pin in a port. Setting a bit to '1' in the DDR assigns the pin as an output, while '0' assigns it as an input.

Microcontrollers are designed to communicate with external devices and systems using their input and output pins, collectively known as ports.

The process of assigning a port to a specific function (input or output) is done by configuring the corresponding bits in the Data Direction Register (DDR). This allows the microcontroller to control the flow of data in and out of the device.

The term 'high' represents a logical '1' value, usually a voltage close to the power supply. 'Low' represents a logical '0' value, usually a near-zero voltage.

Input pins receive signals from external devices, allowing the microcontroller to sense the external environment. Output pins send signals to external devices, enabling the microcontroller to control external components.

The 'For…Next' loop requires a counter variable and loop boundaries (start and end). It executes until a condition is met, ensuring program flow is predictable and controllable.

In this system, a lift's door closes automatically if 10 or fewer people are inside when the 'close' button is pressed. If there are more than 10 people, an alarm activates, only stopping when the number of people inside the lift drops to 10 or fewer.

The system uses a sensor to count the number of people entering and exiting the lift. This data is crucial for deciding whether to close the doors or activate the alarm.

This component is responsible for triggering the lift's door to close, but only if the number of people inside meets the safety criteria.

The alarm sounds when there are more than 10 people in the lift, alerting passengers to get off. It's deactivated when the passenger count drops below 10.

The drinks machine dispenses a can of soda once 35p is inserted and a button is pressed. It calculates change and dispenses it in 5p coins.

These slots are dedicated to each specific coin type: 5p, 10p, and 20p. They act as the input channels for the machine's payment system.

This button is the final trigger to activate the dispensing mechanism. Once the correct amount is inserted, pressing the button releases the soda.

The machine uses a mechanism to release the chosen soda can. This process is activated only after the correct amount of money is inserted and the button is pressed.