Digital Devices Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which device is primarily designed for portability?

  • Digital camera
  • Smartwatch (correct)
  • Server
  • Desktop computer

    • RAID storage is designed to enhance data loss protection by using multiple hard drives.

    True

    What is the main function of microprocessors in embedded systems?

    To process data quickly in compact sizes.

    A type of storage that can be accessed by multiple devices over a network is called _____ storage.

    <p>network-attached</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digital devices with their primary feature:

    <p>Smartphone = Portability Supercomputer = High performance Flash drive = Removable storage Touchscreen = User interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT typically part of a user interface?

    <p>Hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All digital devices have removable storage options.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of gaming consoles that differentiates them from regular computers?

    <p>High performance processors and graphics cards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following refers to binary units instead of denary units?

    <p>Kibibytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Application software is typically not user-friendly and is difficult to use.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of system software.

    <p>Microsoft Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Utility programs can be used for _____ cleanup.

    <p>disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of software is essential for managing computer system operations?

    <p>System software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Device drivers are installed by individual users to control hardware devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of systems software?

    <p>It manages and controls the operation of the computer system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following software types with their primary function:

    <p>Application software = Specific tasks or functions System software = Manages computer operations Utility programs = Perform maintenance tasks Device drivers = Control hardware devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between data and information?

    <p>Data is raw and unprocessed, while information is processed and organized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structured data is more difficult to process than unstructured data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two sources of data.

    <p>Business transactions and social media interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data is usually represented as ______, while information can be represented in various formats such as graphs and reports.

    <p>numbers or text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of data to its description:

    <p>Structured data = Organized and easily searchable Unstructured data = Not organized or formatted in a specific way Information = Processed and analyzed data Data = Raw and unprocessed facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of structured data?

    <p>Sales transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Information can exist without data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes unstructured data?

    <p>It is not organized or formatted in a specific way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unit 1 Notes:

    • Digital devices consist of hardware and software components

    • Understanding hardware technologies and software licensing/maintenance is vital for selecting suitable components

    • Portability is a key feature of many contemporary digital devices, especially mobile phones and tablets

    • Wearable computers, like smartwatches, are increasingly popular. They allow access to information and control over devices without needing a mobile phone

    • Microprocessors/single board computers are often used in embedded systems (e.g., cars, appliances) due to their compact size

    • Performance is critical for devices like computers and supercomputers that need to process large amounts of data quickly. Consoles and microprocessors/single board computers are designed for high performance

    • Modern digital devices use a variety of storage technologies including hard drives, solid-state drives, and removable media. Network-attached storage allows for easy sharing of files, while RAID storage safeguards data in case of drive failure

    • User interfaces concern how the user interacts with a device, including input (e.g., keyboards, touch screens) and output (e.g., monitors, speakers)

    • Devices like biometric scanners and barcode readers enhance input security for authentication

    • Good connectivity is essential for devices to share data, using either wired (e.g., USB, HDMI) or wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) standards

    • Microprocessors/single board computers can be connected to sensors for data collection

    • Contemporary digital devices support a range of media formats, including audio, video, and images

    • Devices like cameras and scanners are specifically designed for capturing media, while other devices like smart TVs and consoles focus on high-quality video and graphics

    • Energy consumption is an important factor in digital devices. Mobile phones and tablets often have rechargeable batteries, while others (e.g., smart thermostats) are designed for energy efficiency

    • Devices like computers, microprocessors/single board computers, and network-attached storage (NAS) have expansion slots for extra hardware (e.g., graphic cards, network cards), which can increase storage capacity

    • Security features are critical, particularly for devices storing sensitive information; devices like biometric scanners and chip/pin devices offer secure authentication, while RAID storage provides data redundancy

    • Primary storage like RAM (Random Access Memory) is fast and volatile (loses data when power off)

    • ROM (Read Only Memory) is fast and holds BIOS or firmware, which is needed to load the Operating System (OS)

    • Different types of ROM include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM

    • Caches (L1, L2, L3) are fast and store frequently accessed data; L1 is the fastest, L3 is the slowest, and are all inside the processor

    • Processors such as x86 (Intel and AMD) are used in desktops and laptops, while ARM architecture ones (e.g, Snapdragon, Apple M1) are more efficient in a single chip, but aren't upgradeable.

    • Magnetic tape provides high storage capacity but very slow read/write speeds. Compared to this, optical hard drives offer high storage capacity and are inexpensive

    • Solid-state drives offer very fast read/write speeds, and are resistant to damage due to lack of moving parts but are expensive.

    • Removable solid state cards, such as SD cards, are portable and low power with medium capacities

    • Network-attached storage (NAS) devices are connected to a network for remote access. RAID storage increases reliability by replicating data across multiple drives

    • HDMI supports high-speed transmission of audio and video signals, while USB has various versions with backwards compatibility

    • Ethernet and DisplayPort offer high speeds suitable for high-resolution displays and gaming, while Thunderbolt supports several protocols including USB, DisplayPort, and PCIe

    • Global Positioning System (GPS), biometrics, touchscreen, and sensors improve device functions. Memory enables faster performance and multitasking. Cloud storage enables storage and access of data from multiple devices

    • Radio frequency identification (RFID) uses radio waves to automatically identify and track items. RFID tags can be passive or active, where passive ones rely on reader signals and active ones have built-in batteries for greater distance transmission

    • Near field communication (NFC) allows devices to exchange data wirelessly over short distances, suitable for payments

    • QR Codes are two-dimensional barcodes that can be scanned to access information: URLs, contact information, product information, and more.

    • Factors affecting devices’ performance include speed (e.g., GHz, Mbps), capacity (e.g., GB, TB), portability (e.g., weight, size, durability), bandwidth (e.g., Mbps, Gbps), and power efficiency (e.g., watts, volts)

    • Embedded systems are computer systems within larger systems/products, performing specific tasks. They often have limited resources and therefore require careful selection of features and functions. They are highly specialised, resulting in high performance

    • Firmware is software embedded in hardware (e.g., microcontrollers) providing low level control of the device’s hardware components

    • Firmware is critical for booting, managing memory, and communication interfaces

    • Firmware is typically stored in non-volatile memory (ROM)

    • Calculating data size requires understanding the storage capacity of different formats (e.g., grayscale pixels, samples) using appropriate units. Determining file sizes needs calculations based on sample rate, resolution, and duration

    • Binary and denary units are employed in everyday life and computing with different conversions being used

    • Application software enables specific tasks (e.g., word processing, photo editing), often purchased or downloaded, and their interfaces can be customized. System software manages the computer system, including operations, device drivers, and utility programs. Operating systems are crucial for managing resources

    • Examples include operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux

    • System software manages interactions (e.g., output operations for printers), process management (allocation and scheduling)

    • Free software can be used, modified, and freely distributed;

    • Open-source software is freely distributable and typically allows access to original code to modify it; Proprietary software is owned and licensed by a particular company; Creative Commons software adheres to creative commons licences

    • Different licensing options include single user (low-cost but often incompatible with organizations), multiple-user (more suitable for organisations), institutional (cost-effective for institutions with various devices/users) , fixed-term (suitable for short-term use), and indefinite licences (greater flexibility and cost-effectiveness for long-term usage), and network licenses (cost-effective, but can restrict access for individual devices). Software updates are crucial for bug fixes and performance improvements

    • Network Models include Client-server, peer-to-peer, ad hoc, and tethering, with their strengths, drawbacks and typical applications

    • Network protocols (Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, cellular, infrared, Ethernet) facilitate communication, data transmission, and connectivity, each with unique qualities appropriate for different uses.

    • A variety of metrics such as speed, bandwidth, throughput, scalability, latency, error rate, packet loss, and availability are employed to asses the performance of a network.

    • Network components (switches, bridges, gateways, routers, modems, repeaters, and servers) enable communication.

    • IP addressing helps uniquely identify devices on a network with IPv4 using 32-bit addresses and IPv6 using 128 bits. Different types of address formats exist (e.g., dotted decimal notation)

    • MAC addressing is used for security and uniquely identifies network interface controllers

    • Network Security threats include various issues ranging from malware, phishing attacks, denial-of-service attacks, data breaches, and unauthorized access to networks/devices

    • Solutions involve firewalls, antivirus, access control, encryption procedures.

    • Online communities enable interaction and information sharing for social or professional purposes on platforms like social media, forums, or messaging apps.

    • Online communities provide values to individuals via a sense of belonging and through collaboration, as well as to organizations through user engagement and brand loyalty

    • Data collection and usage in online communities can raise privacy concerns and can also offer monetization opportunities like pay-per-click advertising or selling user data

    • Cloud storage and cloud computing involve storing data and running applications online rather than locally.

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    Related Documents

    IAL IT Unit 1 Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various digital devices and their functionalities in this quiz. Questions cover topics from portability to software management, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of embedded systems and user interfaces. Perfect for tech enthusiasts and students in computer science.

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