Digital Design and Computer Organization Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How would you implement the Boolean function $f(A,B,C,D) = \sum m(1,2,5,6,9,12)$ using an 8-to-1 multiplexer?

Connect the inputs A, B, and C to the select lines of the multiplexer and use the truth table to assign the correct output values for D.

What components would you use to design a 1-bit comparator using basic gates?

You would use XOR gates to determine equality and AND gates to output the greater or lesser conditions.

Describe the process of designing a 2-bit comparator using basic gates.

Utilize combinations of AND, OR, and NOT gates to compare pairs of bits from the two inputs, resulting in outputs that indicate equality or which input is greater.

How can you realize the Boolean expression $f(w,x,y,z) = \sum m(4,6,7,8,10,12,15)$ using a 4-to-1 multiplexer?

Set the inputs to the multiplexer according to the minterms and use external gates to control the multiplexer selection logic for variables w and x. Signup and view all the answers

What is the design approach to implement multiple Boolean functions using a programmable logic array (PLA)?

The design involves creating a common set of inputs for all functions and programming the AND and OR planes of the PLA to meet the specific minterms for each function. Signup and view all the answers

What is confirmation bias, and how can it affect research outcomes?

Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek out or interpret data that supports existing beliefs, potentially leading to skewed research outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Define internal validity and explain its importance in research.

Internal validity refers to the extent to which results are attributable to the independent variable rather than extraneous factors, which is crucial for establishing causality. Signup and view all the answers

What is external validity, and why is it significant in the context of research findings?

External validity is the ability to generalize research findings to a broader population or setting, which is important for the applicability of research outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

List three key elements that contribute to writing and reporting in research.

Three key elements are clarity, accuracy, and objectivity, which help communicate findings effectively. Signup and view all the answers

How can reliability be assessed in research, and why is it important?

Reliability can be assessed through consistency and repeatability of findings across different trials, and it is important for ensuring trustworthiness of the results. Signup and view all the answers

What is research methodology and why is it important?

Research methodology is a systematic approach to investigation, crucial for establishing facts and drawing conclusions. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies.

Qualitative research focuses on understanding experiences and motivations, while quantitative research relies on numerical data and statistical analysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of variables in research design?

Variables are the factors measured in a study; the independent variable is the presumed cause, and the dependent variable is the presumed effect. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between random sampling and stratified sampling.

Random sampling gives every member an equal chance of selection, while stratified sampling divides the population into groups before sampling. Signup and view all the answers

What are descriptive statistics and why are they important?

Descriptive statistics summarize data through measures such as mean and median, providing a quick overview of data characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What ethical considerations must researchers keep in mind while conducting studies?

Researchers must ensure informed consent, confidentiality, beneficence, and justice to protect participants' rights. Signup and view all the answers

Define selection bias and its potential impact on research findings.

Selection bias occurs when the sampling method does not adequately represent the target population, potentially skewing results. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of control variables in a research study?

Control variables are factors held constant to eliminate their influence on the dependent variable, ensuring accurate results. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Implementing Boolean functions with multiplexers

Implementing a Boolean function using an 8-to-1 multiplexer involves mapping each minterm in the truth table to a specific input of the multiplexer. The output of the multiplexer then represents the function's output.

Implementing Boolean functions using PLA

A Programmable Logic Array (PLA) provides a flexible way to realize multiple Boolean functions by configuring its AND array (product terms) and OR array (sum terms) using programmable connections. Each AND gate combines input variables, and each OR gate generates the output function.

Implementing a full adder using a 3-to-8 decoder

A full adder adds three bits (A, B, and Carry-in) and produces a sum and carry-out bit. Implementing a full adder using a 3-to-8 decoder involves decoding the input bits to activate a specific output line, representing the sum.

Designing comparators

A comparator compares two binary numbers and produces output signals indicating their equality, greater than, or less than relationship. It's implemented by designing a circuit using logic gates that perform bit-by-bit comparison and combine the results.