Digital Communication and Switching: Traffic Engineering
26 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the name of the course?

Digital Communication and Switching

What semester is the course being taught in?

Semester I

What is the name of the course lecturer?

Lenin Joseph

What are the two outcomes covered in this lecture?

<p>Traffic Engineering and Modern Local Access Techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a modern local access technique mentioned in the lecture?

<p>ISDN (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traffic engineering can be solely applied to the PSTN (public switched telephone network).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Danish mathematician who developed methods of signal traffic measurement in the early 1900s?

<p>A.K. Erlang</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is traffic measured in a telephone network?

<p>Call seconds (CCS) or erlangs</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many seconds of telephone time are equal to one CCS?

<p>100 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of traffic engineering regarding message queues?

<p>Minimize or eliminate high-loss situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traffic engineering aims to balance the QoS (Quality of Service) with the cost involved in operating and maintaining the network.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GOS stand for?

<p>Grade of Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit for traffic intensity?

<p>Erlang</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides ISDN, what other digital telephony and broadband access technologies are mentioned in the text?

<p>Internet Protocol Telephony, xDSL, Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay, Cable Internet access, and Fiber to the home (FFTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lines does xDSL utilize for data transmission?

<p>Copper telephone lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) provides internet access through the traditional circuit-switched network, not the telephone network.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What frequency range does DSL use and what range is left for traditional telephone communication?

<p>DSL uses the high frequencies while the low frequencies are left for telephone communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of DSL mentioned in the text?

<p>ADSL (Asymmetric DSL) and SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ADSL offers a balance between download and upload speeds, while SDSL focuses on speed and efficiency for both.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

VDSL is a new technology developed in 2001.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the applications that VDSL can support?

<p>High-definition television, voice over IP, and general internet access</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generally considered the traditional way of providing internet access?

<p>Through the public switched telephone network</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the newer method for internet access described in the text?

<p>Through the public internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Voice over IP' (VoIP) refer to?

<p>The provisioning of communication services like voice, fax, SMS, and voice messaging over the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the steps involved in originating a VoIP telephone call?

<p>Direct analog connection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three different types of hardware or software are used for transmitting conversations in VoIP?

<p>IP Phones, analog telephone adapters, and softphone computer applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Traffic Engineering

Optimizing the performance of a telecommunication network by analyzing, predicting, and regulating the behavior of data transmitted over that network.

Erlang

One hour of telephone time or 36 CCS.

Call Second (CCS)

A measure of telephone time in traffic engineering, where 1 CCS equals 100 seconds of talk time.

High-Loss Condition

A state where message queues become unacceptably long or busy signals are frequent, indicating a network overload.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Minimizing High-Loss Situations

A key objective of traffic engineering aims to minimize or eliminate high-loss situations in a network.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Balancing QoS and Cost

Balancing the quality of service (QoS) provided by a network with the cost of operating and maintaining it.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

A set of communication standards that allow simultaneous transmission of voice, video, data, and other services over a single telephone line.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Internet Protocol (IP) Telephony

Also known as Voice over IP (VoIP), it's a telephone system that uses the internet to transmit conversations encoded as data packets.

Signup and view all the flashcards

xDSL

A generic term for various digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies that utilise existing copper telephone lines for high-speed internet access.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)

A type of xDSL where the download speed is higher than the upload speed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)

A type of xDSL where the download and upload speeds are equal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL)

A very high-speed DSL standard capable of supporting high-definition television, voice over IP, and internet access.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Erlang's Formula in Traffic Engineering

A method of traffic engineering uses Erlang's formula to determine the number of channels needed to handle a certain traffic load, ensuring a desired grade of service (GoS).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Traffic Load

A measure of the traffic load on a telecommunication system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Grade of Service (GoS)

The quality of service (QoS) offered to users of a telecommunication system, such as call clarity, speed, and reliability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wireless Local Loop (WLL)

Wireless Local Loop, a technology that utilizes wireless communication to provide local telephone service without conventional copper cables.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Digital Communication and Switching - Semester I AY 2024-25

  • Course: Digital Communication and Switching
  • Semester: I, AY 2024-25
  • Outcome #10 & #11: Traffic Engineering & Modern Local Access Techniques
  • Lecturer: Lenin Joseph (LJ)
  • Date: Dec 24, 2024

Outcome #10: Traffic Engineering

  • Understanding Traffic Engineering concepts, including:
    • Erlang's formula
    • Traffic Load
    • Grade of Service (GoS)

Outcome #11: Modern Local Access Techniques

  • Describing modern local access techniques, including:
    • xDSL
    • WLL (Wireless Local Loops)

Introduction to Traffic Engineering

  • Traffic engineering is a method to optimize telecommunications network performance.
  • It involves dynamically analyzing, predicting, and regulating data transmission behaviors within the network.

Traffic Engineering Concepts

  • Traffic engineering is also known as teletraffic engineering and traffic management.
  • Applicable to various network types:
    • PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)
    • LANs (Local Area Networks)
    • WANs (Wide Area Networks)
    • Cellular networks
    • Proprietary business networks
    • The Internet

Overview of Traffic Engineering

  • A.K. Erlang, a Danish mathematician, developed the initial theory of traffic engineering in the early 1900s.
  • Traffic is measured in call seconds (CCS) or erlangs.
    • One CCS equals 100 seconds of phone time.
    • One erlang equals one hour or 36 CCS of phone time.

Requirements for Traffic Engineering

  • Message queues becoming unacceptably long or the frequency of busy signals becoming high indicate a high-loss condition in a network.
  • A major objective of traffic engineering is to minimize or eliminate high-loss situations.

Quality of Service (QoS)

  • A goal of traffic engineering is balancing QoS against the cost of network operation and maintenance.

Grade of Service (GOS)

  • GOS measures blocking probability.
  • It measures the ability of users to access the system during the busiest hour.
  • GOS depends on the number of available channels and the total number of users a network can support.
  • Units for traffic intensity are given as Erlang.

Digital Telephony and Broadband Access Technologies

  • Technologies covered include:
    • Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
    • Internet Protocol (IP) Telephony
    • xDSL (various types)
    • Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET)
    • Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
    • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
    • Frame Relay
    • Cable Internet access
    • Fiber to the home (FFTH)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

  • ISDN is a set of standards for simultaneous digital voice, video, data, and other network services using traditional circuits in public switched telephone networks.
  • It supports multiple services (voice, data, video) over a single line.

Internet Protocol (IP) Telephony

  • Internet Telephony is another name for Voice over IP (VoIP)
  • It uses the public Internet for communication (voice, fax, SMS, voice messaging) instead of PSTN.
  • Modern computer networks use VoIP.

xDSL

  • DSL stands for digital subscriber loop.
  • xDSL is a generic term for various DSL technologies using existing copper telephone lines.
  • High-speed data transmission over limited distances.

ADSL and SDSL

  • ADSL (Asymmetric DSL) has higher downstream data rates than upstream rates.
  • SDSL (Symmetric DSL) has equal downstream and upstream data rates.

VDSL

  • VDSL (Very high bit-rate DSL) offers high-definition television, voice over IP, and general internet access on a single physical connection.
  • ITU G.993.1 standard approved in 2001.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Digital Communication and Switching Past Lecture Notes PDF

Description

Explore key concepts in Traffic Engineering and Modern Local Access Techniques in this quiz for Digital Communication and Switching, Semester I AY 2024-25. Understand Erlang's formula, Traffic Load, and various access technologies like xDSL and Wireless Local Loops. Test your knowledge on optimizing telecommunications network performance.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser