Digital Circuits Design: Threshold Region and Noise Immunity

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What is the purpose of the threshold region in digital circuits?

To provide a range of voltages where the input cannot be reliably interpreted (correct)
To amplify the input signal to a usable level
To ensure reliable interpretation of input voltage as either a 0 or a 1
To filter out unwanted noise from the input signal

Why do digital systems have better immunity to noise than analog systems?

Digital systems have higher operating voltages
Digital systems have better signal processing capabilities
Digital systems have discrete voltage levels that are more robust to noise (correct)
Digital systems use more complex circuitry

What physical quantity is used to represent 0 and 1 in a CD?

Electrical charge
Surface pits/light (correct)
Magnetic field direction
Voltage

What is the correct definition of a positive radix, positional number system?

A number system where the digits are represented by a string of digits, and the value of each digit depends on its position in the string (C) Signup and view all the answers

What physical quantity is used to represent 0 and 1 in dynamic RAM?

Electrical charge (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of converting between binary, octal, and hexadecimal in digital computers?

To make it easier to recognize shorter patterns of characters (C) Signup and view all the answers

When converting a decimal number to binary, how are the binary digits grouped?

Into three-bit groups starting at the radix point (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of converting a decimal number to a different base, such as binary or hexadecimal?

To make it easier to recognize shorter patterns of characters (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the number of binary digits and the corresponding octal or hexadecimal digits?

Each octal digit corresponds to three binary digits, and each hexadecimal digit corresponds to four binary digits (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking the conversion of a decimal number to binary by summing the binary digits times their respective powers of the radix?

To ensure the correct conversion by verifying the result (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of converting a decimal number to a radix greater than 10?

To convert all integers greater than 10 to digits A, B, ... (D) Signup and view all the answers

What property is common between Excess 3 and 8,4, -1, -2 codes?

Both codes have the property of obtaining code words for 0 and 9, 1 and 8, etc. by replacing 0's with 1's and vice versa. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What makes Gray code interesting?

Gray code changes in only one bit position as we increment or decrement in decimal. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which operation should not be confused according to the presentation?

Coding a decimal number with a BINARY CODE and converting to Excess 3 code. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In single-bit binary addition with carry, what is the result when the carry-in (Z) is 1 and X + Y equals 1?

Sum (S) is 1 and carry (C) is 0. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the default Carry-In for the least significant bit in multiple bit binary addition?

Carry-In of 0 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Excess 3 and Gray codes in terms of their unique properties?

Gray code changes only one bit position as we go from digit to digit. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the BCD addition example provided in the text?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the diminished radix complement and the radix complement?

Both a and c (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is the 1's complement of a binary number obtained?

By complementing each individual bit (bitwise NOT) (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of binary subtraction using complements, what is the purpose of taking the 2's complement of the result if it is negative?

Both b and c (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the unsigned binary system and the signed binary system mentioned in the text?

The unsigned binary system can represent only non-negative integers, while the signed binary system can represent both positive and negative integers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) representation mentioned in the text?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the end-around carry in unsigned 1's complement subtraction?

To add 1 to the least significant bit position whenever an end carry occurs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the result when $M < N$ in unsigned 1's complement subtraction?

$2^n - 1 - (N - M)$ (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is the sign bit used to represent positive and negative numbers in signed integer representations?

The sign bit is 0 for positive numbers and 1 for negative numbers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between signed-magnitude and signed-complement representations?

Signed-magnitude uses the sign bit to indicate the sign, while signed-complement uses the 2's complement of the magnitude (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct result of the unsigned 1's complement subtraction $010101_{2} - 010000_{2}$?

$100111_{2}$ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct result of the unsigned 1's complement subtraction $010000_{2} - 010101_{2}$?

$011111_{2}$ (C) Signup and view all the answers