Digestive System Structures and Functions Quiz

What is the main function of the internal and external anal sphincters?

To normally remain closed and control the passage of feces out of the body (correct)
To allow for the voluntary removal of feces through the valsalva maneuver
To facilitate digestion, absorption, and synthesis of certain vitamins
To enhance the immune response by interacting with bacterial flora

What is the primary role of the bacterial flora in the digestive system?

To facilitate the valsalva maneuver for voluntary fecal removal
To deliver nutrients from the small intestine to the liver via the hepatic portal vein
To enhance the immune response and ensure the bacteria is not pathogenic (correct)
To produce bile for the emulsification of lipids in the small intestine

What is the main function of bile produced by the liver?

To store, concentrate, and propel bile into the duodenum through the common bile duct
To deliver nutrients, drugs, and toxins from the small intestine to the liver through the hepatic portal vein
To emulsify lipids in the small intestine, similar to how dish soap works on fats in water (correct)
To digest sugar, protein, and fat in the small intestine along with pancreatic juice

What is the main function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

To secrete exocrine and endocrine enzymes that digest sugar, protein, and fat (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hepatic portal vein in the digestive system?

To deliver nutrients, drugs, and toxins from the small intestine to the liver for processing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the gallbladder in the digestive system?

To store, concentrate, and propel bile produced by the liver into the duodenum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the liver in the digestive process?

Store, concentrate, and release bile for lipid digestion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ stimulates the release of bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme in the small intestine?

Pancreas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of segmentation in the small intestine?

Optimize absorption of nutrients (D) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of digestive juices in response to the smell, sight, or taste of food?

Gastrin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves breaking down complex food molecules into their building blocks?

Chemical digestion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of saliva in the oral cavity during digestion?

Help with mechanical and chemical digestion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in the stomach produces hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

Parietal cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucosal barrier in the stomach?

To protect the stomach wall from the acidic environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

To move food from the pharynx into the esophagus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pyloric sphincter?

To control the release of food from the stomach into the duodenum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?

To prepare the body for the arrival of food in the stomach (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the esophageal phase of swallowing?

To initiate peristalsis in the esophagus to push food into the stomach (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the duodenum in the small intestine?

To secrete bicarbonate-rich mucus to neutralize stomach acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of segmentation contractions in the small intestine?

To mix the chyme with digestive juices and move particles towards the mucosa for absorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cecum and appendix in the large intestine?

To continue the absorption of water and salts from the remaining intestinal contents (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the anal canal in the digestive system?

To regulate the opening and closing of the anus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

To break down food and absorb nutrients (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the accessory digestive organs?

Pharynx (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscularis layer in the digestive tract?

To facilitate mechanical digestion and propel food (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system regulates the motility and secretions of the digestive system?

Enteric nervous system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hepatic portal system?

To transport proteins and carbohydrates to the liver (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach?

To mix food with gastric juices and begin protein digestion (C) Signup and view all the answers