Digestive System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of these substances does the pancreas NOT release?

  • Bile (correct)
  • Amylase
  • Lipase
  • Sodium bicarbonate

The common bile duct connects to the jejunum.

False (B)

What is the main role of the small intestine?

absorption

Bile is produced in the ______ and stored in the gallbladder.

<p>liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fats broken down into?

<p>Monoglycerides and fatty acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The finger-like extensions of the small intestine are called ______.

<p>villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

The absorption of vitamins and minerals is unaffected in the large intestine.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following digestive fluids/enzymes with their source:

<p>Bile = Liver Sodium bicarbonate = Pancreas Lipase = Pancreas Trypsin = Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accessory digestive organs are involved in the digestive process in the small intestines?

<p>Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The release of sodium bicarbonate by the pancreas helps to acidify the chyme.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rhythmic contraction of the esophageal wall called that pushes food towards the stomach?

<p>peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pancreas releases the enzyme _______ to digest fats.

<p>lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lower esophageal sphincter during digestion?

<p>To relax and allow food into the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gallbladder?

<p>Aid in digestion and absorption of fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When proteins are ingested, they are broken down into _______ and peptides.

<p>amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ileocecal valve controls the flow of bile into the small intestine.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the enzyme with the type of nutrient it breaks down:

<p>Amylase = Carbohydrates Lipase = Fats Trypsin = Proteins Chymotrypsin = Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

The duodenum secretes a sodium bicarbonate in order to make the chyme acidic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two methods of contraction in the small intestine?

<p>segmentation and contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The absorption of vitamin B12 occurs in the ______.

<p>ilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their primary functions:

<p>Gallbladder = Aids in digestion and absorption of fats Sphincter of Oddi = Controls the flow of bile Ileum = Absorption of vitamin B12 Ileocecal valve = Marks the start of defecation and expulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these occurs in the small intestine?

<p>Both absorption of nutrients and digestion of food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The small intestine generates 3 liters of bile per day.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of segmentation contractions in the small intestine?

<p>To produce mixing waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the digestive process?

<p>It activates gastric enzymes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anabolism involves the breakdown of molecules into smaller components.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest subunit of proteins?

<p>amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cells that produce intrinsic factor, crucial for vitamin B12 absorption, are called ________ cells.

<p>parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Anabolism = Building up of complex molecules from simpler ones Catabolism = Breaking down of complex molecules into simpler ones Pepsin = Converts proteins into proteoses and peptones Gastrin = Controls gastric acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical component of food derived from living organisms?

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Digestion is the process where our body builds large molecules to gain energy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the digestive process?

<p>to break down food</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy currency of the body?

<p>ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Catabolism is a process that builds up complex molecules from simpler ones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process regenerates ADP back into ATP?

<p>metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

When ATP is broken down into ADP, it loses a ________ group.

<p>phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a fuel source for the body?

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A larger surface area in relation to body volume will result in a lower metabolic rate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one factor that influences an individual's metabolic rate.

<p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the program mentioned in the text?

<p>To address deficiencies of Iron, Vitamin A and Zinc. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Iron deficiency primarily affects adults in developing countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most apparent symptom of iodine deficiency?

<p>swelling of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

A body type characterized by wide shoulders and hips, and a tendency to carry fat on the body, upper arms, and thighs is called a(n) ______.

<p>endomorph</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which micronutrient deficiency significantly increases the risk of dying from diarrhea, measles, and malaria?

<p>Vitamin A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body types with their characteristics:

<p>Endomorph = Rounded head, wide hips and shoulders Mesomorph = Cubical head, wide broad shoulders Ectomorph = Not mentioned in the content</p> Signup and view all the answers

Body composition refers to a person's height and weight.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not describe a mesomorphic body type?

<p>Pear shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Peristalsis

Rhythmic muscular contractions that push food from the esophagus to the stomach.

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

A ring of muscle that controls the flow of food from the esophagus into the stomach.

Intestinal Peristalsis

Muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Digestion

The process of breaking down food into smaller, absorbable molecules.

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Duodenum

The first section of the small intestine where the majority of digestion occurs.

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Carbohydrate Digestion

The breakdown of carbohydrates into simpler sugars like glucose.

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Protein Digestion

The breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

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Chyme Neutralization

The process of neutralizing acidic chyme from the stomach in the duodenum.

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Absorption

The process of taking in nutrients from food into the bloodstream.

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Small Intestine

This organ is responsible for most of the nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

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Bile

A fluid produced by the liver that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats.

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Liver

The organ that produces bile.

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Sphincter of Oddi

A muscular valve that controls the flow of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine.

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Defecation

The process of eliminating waste from the body.

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Ileocecal Valve

The valve that controls the movement of food from the small intestine into the large intestine.

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Chemical digestion

The process where the body breaks down food molecules into smaller, absorbable components.

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Villi

Tiny finger-like projections lining the small intestine, increasing surface area for nutrient absorption.

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Small intestine: Absorption

The primary function of the small intestine is absorbing nutrients from digested food.

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Chyme

A mixture of partially digested food and stomach acids that enters the small intestine.

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Pancreatic enzymes

Enzymes produced by the pancreas that help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine.

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Common bile duct

The common pathway where bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes meet to enter the duodenum.

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Digestive Enzymes

Enzymes that speed up chemical reactions involved in breaking down food molecules in the digestive system.

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Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

A strong acid produced in the stomach that helps kill harmful bacteria and break down food.

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Pepsin

An enzyme found in the stomach that helps digest proteins.

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Intrinsic Factor

A substance produced by the stomach that helps absorb vitamin B12.

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Anabolism

The process of building up complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.

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Catabolism

The process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

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Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body to sustain life, including anabolism and catabolism.

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What is ATP?

The energy currency of our bodies. It's a high-energy molecule that provides energy for vital processes.

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What is digestion?

The process of breaking down food into smaller and simpler molecules that our bodies can absorb.

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What is anabolism?

The process of building up complex molecules from simpler ones. This requires energy.

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What is catabolism?

The process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones. This releases energy.

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Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).

The rate at which your body burns calories at rest. It's the energy used for basic functions like breathing and blood circulation.

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List factors that influence BMR.

Factors that can increase or decrease your Basal Metabolic Rate.

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What is cellular respiration?

The process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP. It's the main way our bodies get energy from food.

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How are catabolism and anabolism connected?

The breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones (catabolism) to provide energy for the building up of new molecules (anabolism).

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Micronutrient Deficiencies

A condition where the body lacks sufficient amounts of essential vitamins and minerals, mainly affecting children. Iron, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies are among the top 10 leading causes of death in developing countries.

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Iron Deficiency

The most widespread form of malnutrition, impacting millions globally. It hampers cognitive development in children, affecting 40-60% of those aged 6-24 months in developing countries.

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Vitamin A Deficiency

A deficiency that increases the risk of death from common childhood diseases such as diarrhea, measles, and malaria by 20-24%. It impacts 140 million preschool children in 118 countries and seven million pregnant women.

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Iodine Deficiency

A condition affecting 780 million people globally. The most noticeable symptom is a swelling of the thyroid gland, which can lead to serious health complications.

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Body Type (Physique Type)

A category of physique describing the general shape of a human body using common descriptors. Examples include slim, fat, tall, petite, wide-shouldered, pear-shaped, etc.

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Body Size

Refers to a person's height and weight, indicating overall size.

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Body Composition

The percentage of body fat in a person's body composition. Essentially, it's the ratio of fat to muscle and other tissues.

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Endomorph (Pyknic)

A pear-shaped body type characterized by rounded head, wide hips and shoulders, wider front to back than side to side, and a significant amount of body fat on the upper arms, thighs, and abdomen.

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Study Notes

Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology

  • Nutrients are essential for all bodily cells (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, cellulose fibers, and other vegetable matter).
  • The digestive system processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste.

Esophagus

  • A muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach.
  • Located posterior to the trachea and heart.
  • About 10 inches long.
  • Passes through the diaphragm (diaphragmatic hiatus).

Stomach

  • A hollow muscular organ in the peritoneal cavity.
  • Stores food and secretes digestive fluids.
  • Carries out mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
  • Divided into 4 regions: cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
  • Empties partially digested food into the small intestine.

Mouth

  • Contains structures for mastication (chewing) like lips, cheeks, palate, teeth, and salivary glands.
  • Saliva contains amylase (ptyalin) which digests starch.
  • Teeth mechanically further break down food.
  • Muscles work together to move food into the esophagus.

Small Intestine

  • The longest part of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Roughly 70 meters in length.
  • Folds inwards and outwards to increase surface area for absorption.
  • Divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
  • Site of nutrient absorption (approximately 90%).

Large Intestine

  • Absorbs water and electrolytes.
  • Eliminates undigested material (feces).
  • Consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

Digestive Accessory Organs

  • Liver: Largest gland, produces bile for fat digestion, filters blood.
  • Gallbladder: Stores and concentrates bile.
  • Pancreas: Has both exocrine and endocrine functions. Produces digestive enzymes and hormones(e.g., insulin).

Normal Digestion and Elimination Process

  • Ingestion begins in the mouth.
  • Propulsion moves food through the esophagus to the stomach.
  • Digestion breaks down food mechanically and chemically.
  • Absorption occurs in the small intestine.
  • Elimination occurs via the large intestine.

Factors Influencing Metabolic Rate (MR)

  • Activity level
  • Body temperature
  • Hormones
  • Digestion
  • Age and growth
  • Gender
  • Climate
  • Medications

World Food Program (WFP)

  • A humanitarian organization dedicated to fighting hunger.
  • The largest provider of school meals globally.
  • Addresses deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, and zinc in developing countries.

Macro and Micronutrients

  • Essential biomolecules (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids).
  • Macronutrients are required in larger amounts than micronutrients (e.g., glucose).
  • Micronutrients include essential vitamins and minerals.

Cleft Lip and Palate

  • A birth defect where the lip or mouth does not fully close during development.
  • Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the condition.
  • Surgical interventions are available to correct the defect.

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

  • Severe malnutrition from deficient protein and calorie intake.
  • Kwashiorkor is characterized by a lack of protein synthesis and edema.
  • Marasmus is characterized by a deficient energy intake and weight loss.
  • Both can lead to severe health problems.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the human digestive system with this quiz. From the roles of various organs to the functions of digestive enzymes, see how well you understand the complexities of digestion. Perfect for biology students or anyone interested in human anatomy.

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