Digestive System Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)
20 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the first process in the digestive system?

  • Elimination
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Ingestion (correct)

    • Which function is primarily associated with the mouth during digestion?

  • Secretion of digestive hormones
  • Absorption of nutrients
  • Mechanical breakdown of food (correct)
  • Chemical digestion of proteins

    • Which enzyme is found in saliva and begins the digestion of starches?

  • Trypsin
  • Lipase
  • Pepsin
  • Amylase (correct)

    • What is the primary role of saliva in the digestive process?

    <p>To moisten food for swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What begins the reflex action of swallowing after the food is pushed into the pharynx?

    <p>Involuntary muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive process involves the mixing and movement of contents along the GI tract?

    <p>Propulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands is NOT a major salivary gland?

    <p>Appendicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of taste buds in the digestive process?

    <p>They allow the appreciation of flavors and identification of hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the first phase of swallowing?

    <p>Tongue forces food into the pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does peristalsis play in the digestive system?

    <p>It propels food through the digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the chemical degradation of food?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gastric juice?

    <p>To initiate digestion and protect against microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the exocrine part of the pancreas primarily secrete?

    <p>Digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure releases bile into the duodenum when fat is present?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of chyme?

    <p>A blend of digested food and gastric juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is primarily absorbed in the small intestine?

    <p>Nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does bile play in digestion?

    <p>It emulsifies fats, making them easier to digest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the colon?

    <p>To store feces before elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is responsible for the contractions of the muscularis layer of the digestive organs?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System Processes

    • Ingestion: Taking food and liquids into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
    • Propulsion: Moving and mixing food along the GI tract.
    • Digestion: Mechanical breakdown (e.g., chewing) and chemical breakdown (enzymes) of food into smaller molecules.
    • Absorption: Movement of digested nutrients through the GI tract walls into the bloodstream.
    • Elimination: Removal of undigested waste products from the body.

    Mouth

    • Mechanical Digestion: Chewing (mastication) breaks down food into smaller pieces and forms a bolus.
    • Chemical Digestion: Salivary amylase (ptyalin) starts breaking down starches into maltose.
    • Taste buds: Help identify and assess food.

    Salivary Glands

    • Secrete saliva to moisten and lubricate food for swallowing.
    • Contains mucin (lubricant) and amylase (enzyme).

    Swallowing

    • Voluntary phase: Tongue pushes food into the pharynx.
    • Reflex phase: Soft palate closes the nasal cavity, larynx rises, epiglottis covers the trachea to prevent food from entering the lungs.
    • Peristalsis moves food through the oesophagus.

    Oesophagus

    • Lined with a mucus membrane, secreting mucus for lubrication.
    • Smooth muscle contractions (peristalsis) move food towards the stomach.

    Peristalsis

    • Rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles in the GI tract.
    • Circular muscles contract behind the food bolus to prevent backflow, while longitudinal muscles contract to push the bolus forward.

    Stomach

    • Temporary holding area for food (3-4 hours).
    • Churns food into chyme (a semiliquid mixture).
    • Rugae increase surface area for churning.
    • Pyloric sphincter regulates the release of chyme into the small intestine.

    Small Intestine

    • Site of nutrient absorption.
    • Villi and microvilli increase surface area for absorption.
    • Duodenum: First part, where chemical digestion continues with enzymes from the pancreas and duodenum itself.
    • Jejunum/Ileum: Middle and final parts of the small intestine, continue absorbing nutrients.

    Pancreas

    • Exocrine function: Produces digestive enzymes (e.g., amylase, lipase, protease) that enter the duodenum.
    • Endocrine function: Produces hormones like insulin and glucagon.

    Liver

    • Produces bile, stored in the gallbladder.
    • Bile aids in fat digestion by emulsifying fats.
    • Nutrient processing and detoxification

    Gallbladder

    • Stores and concentrates bile.
    • Releases bile into the duodenum in response to fat entering the small intestine.

    Large Intestine (Colon)

    • Absorbs water from waste material.
    • Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon are sections.
    • Forms feces.

    Rectum

    • Stores feces until elimination.

    Anus

    • Opening for excreting feces.

    Digestive Tissue Layers

    • Adventitia/Serosa: Outer covering of connective tissue.
    • Muscularis: Smooth muscle layer for peristalsis (Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers).
    • Submucosa: Layer with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and glands.
    • Mucosa: Innermost layer, lining epithelial cells coated with mucus.

    Gastric Juice Functions

    • Digestion: Breaks down food particles into chyme.
    • Microorganism inactivation: The acidity of gastric juice kills microorganisms.
    • Nutrient absorption: Aids in absorbing vitamin B12 and iron.
    • Stomach protection: Mucus in gastric juice protects the stomach lining from the acid.

    Chemical Digestion Summary

    • Carbohydrates:*

    • Mouth: Salivary amylase begins the breakdown of starches.

    • Small intestine: Pancreatic amylase and various enzymes (sucrase, maltase, lactase) break down disaccharides into monosaccharides.

    • Proteins:*

    • Stomach: Pepsin begins protein breakdown.

    • Small intestine: Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and other enzymes further break down proteins into amino acids.

    • Lipids (Fats):*

    • Small intestine: Bile emulsifies fats, pancreatic lipase breaks them down into fatty acids and glycerol.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the key processes of the digestive system, including ingestion, propulsion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. This quiz will help you understand the roles of different components, such as the mouth and salivary glands, in the digestion process. Test your knowledge on how food is processed in the gastrointestinal tract.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser