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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the thick, soupy liquid that food becomes after leaving the stomach?
What is the term for the thick, soupy liquid that food becomes after leaving the stomach?
How does the stomach contribute to mechanical digestion?
How does the stomach contribute to mechanical digestion?
Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for the completion of digestion?
Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for the completion of digestion?
What role do villi play in the small intestine?
What role do villi play in the small intestine?
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What is the primary function of the large intestine?
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
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What initiates the defecation reflex in the large intestine?
What initiates the defecation reflex in the large intestine?
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What is the primary function of the pancreas in relation to blood glucose levels?
What is the primary function of the pancreas in relation to blood glucose levels?
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What is one of the functions of the pancreas?
What is one of the functions of the pancreas?
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Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down glycogen into glucose in the liver?
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down glycogen into glucose in the liver?
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What is the primary role of the gall bladder in the digestive system?
What is the primary role of the gall bladder in the digestive system?
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What substances make up the solid portion of feces?
What substances make up the solid portion of feces?
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Which vitamins are stored in the liver?
Which vitamins are stored in the liver?
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What is the primary component that bile helps to emulsify in the small intestine?
What is the primary component that bile helps to emulsify in the small intestine?
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Which of the following processes does the liver NOT perform?
Which of the following processes does the liver NOT perform?
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What triggers the release of insulin from the pancreas?
What triggers the release of insulin from the pancreas?
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What general role do digestive enzymes serve in the digestive system?
What general role do digestive enzymes serve in the digestive system?
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What is the primary function of mechanical digestion?
What is the primary function of mechanical digestion?
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Which process is primarily responsible for breaking down macromolecules into small organic molecules?
Which process is primarily responsible for breaking down macromolecules into small organic molecules?
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What role do the gastric glands in the stomach play during digestion?
What role do the gastric glands in the stomach play during digestion?
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What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?
What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?
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How does the esophagus contribute to the digestive process?
How does the esophagus contribute to the digestive process?
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Which accessory organ is responsible for producing saliva that aids in digestion?
Which accessory organ is responsible for producing saliva that aids in digestion?
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What is a major function of the large intestine?
What is a major function of the large intestine?
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Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the reflex action of swallowing?
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the reflex action of swallowing?
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Study Notes
Digestive System
-
Parts and Functions:
- Ingestion: Taking food and drink into the body
- Digestion: Chemical and mechanical breakdown of food
- Absorption: Nutrients absorbed into bloodstream
- Elimination: Removal of undigested waste
-
Digestion Process:
- Begins in the mouth with chewing (mechanical digestion)
- Food is mixed with saliva, containing starch-digesting enzymes
- Tongue helps form bolus for swallowing
- Food passes through the pharynx, esophagus to the stomach
- Stomach churns and mixes food, chemically digesting it with acids and enzymes
- Chyme (soupy liquid) passes to the small intestine where digestion is completed
The Mouth
- Teeth: Involved in chewing and grinding food
- Tongue: Forms bolus; a mass of chewed food
- Hard Palate: Roof of the mouth; prevents food from entering the nasal cavity
- Soft Palate & Tonsils: Contain lymphoid tissue, protects against infections
- Salivary Glands: Produce saliva containing starch-digesting enzymes
The Pharynx
- Passageway for air and food
- Swallowing (reflex action) occurs here
- Soft palate moves back; epiglottis closes over the trachea (windpipe)
The Esophagus
- Muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach by peristalsis
- Rhythmic muscular contractions (peristalsis)
The Stomach
- Receives food from the esophagus
- Mechanically and chemically digests food
- Stores food
- Chyme leaves through the pyloric sphincter
The Small Intestine
- Receives chyme from the stomach
- Completes digestion of food
- Nutrients absorbed into blood
- Composed of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The Large Intestine
- Absorbs water, salts, and some vitamins
- Stores indigestible material
- Forms feces
- Contains parts like the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus
Accessory Organs
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Pancreas:
- Secretes pancreatic juice (enzymes) to help digest carbs proteins and fats
- Produces hormones (insulin & glucagon) regulating blood glucose
-
Liver:
- Largest gland; performs many functions
- Detoxifies blood
- Produces bile (aids in fat digestion) & blood proteins
- Gall bladder: Stores bile produced by the liver
Digestive Enzymes
-
Carbohydrates:
- Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, and maltase digest carbs
-
Proteins:
- Pepsin, trypsin, and peptidases digest proteins
-
Fats:
- Bile (from liver) emulsifies fats; lipase digests fats
Regulation of Digestive Enzymes
- Enzymes function best at a specific temperature and pH.
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Description
Explore the key components and processes of the digestive system. This quiz covers ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination, along with the specific roles of the mouth in the digestion process. Test your understanding of how our body processes food!
