Digestive System Overview Quiz

<p>Dehydration may occur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption of water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To emulsify fats for easier digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides and amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each villus contains a capillary and a lacteal for nutrient absorption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lacteals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reabsorption of water and electrolytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase surface area for absorption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascending Colon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The large intestine has a larger diameter than the small intestine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption of water and electrolytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse Colon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphincter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascending Colon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rectum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descending Colon (A), Transverse Colon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larger than the small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rectum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bolus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esophagus and stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heartburn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristaltic motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of a peptic ulcer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-6 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptic ulcer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting gastric tissues from acid damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Composition of the meal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They relax the sphincter, potentially causing heartburn. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limit portion sizes and avoid overeating. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased likelihood of heartburn. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consume small, balanced meals rather than large portions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing gastric pressure and relaxing the sphincter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingestion, Digestion, Movement, Absorption, Elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, Serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum, Anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parotid, Sublingual, Submandibular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary amylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The trachea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When acids from the stomach enter the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rugae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptic ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestion and Absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes secreted by the pancreas, Bile secreted by the liver, Large surface area created by villi and microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsifies fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary glands, Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretes digestive enzymes, Secretes bicarbonate, Secretes insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pepsin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutralize stomach acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filter blood, detoxify blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A, D, E, K, B12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroys them, breaks down hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorb water, Absorb vitamins, Form and eliminate feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallstones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When an individual is grossly overweight with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Minerals, Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High-density lipoprotein (HDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HDL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Binge-eating disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Absorbs water to prevent dehydration.

A digestive organ that absorbs water from waste.

Keeps the body from losing too much water.

A vital part of the digestive system where water is absorbed.

The process of taking water from digested waste.

The small intestine is about 6 meters long, which is roughly 20 feet.

The small intestine has two main jobs: digesting food and absorbing nutrients.

Enzymes from the pancreas help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.

Bile, produced by the liver, breaks down fat into smaller droplets in the small intestine.

Villi and microvilli are finger-like and brush-like structures in the small intestine, respectively. They greatly increase the surface area for absorption.

The small intestine absorbs 90% of the digested food nutrients.

The final section of the digestive system, responsible for absorbing water and forming feces.

The large intestine is divided into four segments: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum.

The first part of the ascending colon, a pouch-like structure that receives waste from the small intestine.

A small, finger-like projection attached to the cecum, with a debated function in immune system support.

The first segment of the large intestine, ascending vertically from the cecum towards the liver.

The second segment of the large intestine, running horizontally across the abdomen.

The third segment of the large intestine, descending vertically from the transverse colon towards the rectum.

The final segment of the large intestine, where feces are stored before elimination.

The terminal part of the rectum, leading to the anus.

The large intestine is larger in diameter but shorter in length compared to the small intestine.

Eating foods high in fat can trigger heartburn because they relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to back up into the esophagus.

Eating too much food can also cause heartburn because it puts pressure on the stomach and can force stomach acid back up into the esophagus.

Rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle that move food through the digestive tract.

A soft mass of chewed food that is ready to be swallowed.

The digestive tract moves food by peristalsis, rhythmic muscle contractions that push the food forward.

Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles in the digestive tract that propels food forward.

Burning sensation in the chest caused by acid reflux, when stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus.

Damage to the mucous layer of the stomach, often caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, can lead to the development of peptic ulcers.

After 2 to 6 hours, the stomach sends partially digested food, called chyme, into the small intestine.

The small intestine absorbs around 90% of the digested nutrients from food, which are then transported to the body.

A group of organs that break down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and repair.

The process of taking food into the mouth.

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules.

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, such as chewing or churning.

Breakdown of food using enzymes, acids, and other chemicals.

The process of propelling food through the digestive tract.

The process of taking nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.

The removal of undigested food waste from the body.

The wall of the digestive tract has four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.

The innermost layer of the GI tract, producing mucus and digestive enzymes.

The second layer of the GI tract, containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

The third layer of the GI tract, made of smooth muscle that moves food along.

The outermost layer of the GI tract, part of the peritoneum.

The journey food takes through the digestive system, starting at the mouth and ending at the anus.

The mouth begins mechanical digestion with teeth and chemical digestion with saliva.

Glands in the mouth that produce saliva.

Saliva contains salivary amylase, mucin, bicarbonate, and lysozyme.

An enzyme in saliva that starts carbohydrate digestion.

A protein in saliva that helps hold food particles together.

A substance in saliva that helps maintain the pH of the mouth.

An enzyme in saliva that fights bacteria.

Lymphatic tissue at the back of the mouth, important for immunity.

The tongue helps move food around, taste, and contributes to speech.

Teeth mechanically break down food into smaller pieces.

Tooth decay caused by bacteria metabolizing sugars and producing acids.

Teeth have a crown, root, enamel, dentin, and pulp cavity.

The cavity behind the mouth that serves as a passageway for food and air.

A muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.

Swallowing has two phases: voluntary and involuntary.

The initial phase of swallowing, where the tongue pushes food into the pharynx.

The reflex phase of swallowing, where the epiglottis covers the voice box and food moves down the esophagus.

A flap of tissue that covers the voice box during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

Chronic heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The stomach stores food, starts protein digestion, and regulates chyme movement.

A mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices in the stomach.

Deep folds in the mucosa layer of the stomach that allow it to stretch.

Indentations in the stomach lining that lead to gastric glands.

Gastric juice contains pepsin, HCl, and mucus.

An enzyme in gastric juice that breaks down proteins.

A strong acid in gastric juice that activates pepsin and kills bacteria.

A protective layer in the stomach that prevents acid from damaging the lining.

A sore in the lining of the stomach, often caused by damage to the mucous layer.