Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the salivary glands?
What is the primary function of the salivary glands?
- To absorb nutrients
- To transport food to the stomach
- To produce gastric juices
- To secrete saliva that aids in digestion (correct)
The pharynx is only part of the digestive system.
The pharynx is only part of the digestive system.
False (B)
What is the name of the tube that food travels through to reach the stomach?
What is the name of the tube that food travels through to reach the stomach?
oesophagus
The stomach turns the bolus into __________.
The stomach turns the bolus into __________.
Match the parts of the digestive system with their primary functions:
Match the parts of the digestive system with their primary functions:
Which structure prevents food from entering the respiratory tract?
Which structure prevents food from entering the respiratory tract?
Gastric juices secreted by the stomach wall digest carbohydrates.
Gastric juices secreted by the stomach wall digest carbohydrates.
What is the length of the duodenum?
What is the length of the duodenum?
The small intestine is lined with folds called __________.
The small intestine is lined with folds called __________.
Which process in the digestive system is known as peristalsis?
Which process in the digestive system is known as peristalsis?
What is the main role of bile in the digestive system?
What is the main role of bile in the digestive system?
The jejunum is the last section of the small intestine.
The jejunum is the last section of the small intestine.
What is the primary purpose of mechanical digestion?
What is the primary purpose of mechanical digestion?
The small intestine is approximately _______ metres long.
The small intestine is approximately _______ metres long.
Match the digestive organs with their primary functions:
Match the digestive organs with their primary functions:
Which structure in the small intestine increases the surface area for absorption?
Which structure in the small intestine increases the surface area for absorption?
The large intestine is narrower than the small intestine.
The large intestine is narrower than the small intestine.
What is the substance that forms when chyme is transformed into the milky fluid?
What is the substance that forms when chyme is transformed into the milky fluid?
The process of expelling waste from the body is known as _______.
The process of expelling waste from the body is known as _______.
What function does the pancreas serve in the digestive system?
What function does the pancreas serve in the digestive system?
Flashcards
Digestive tract
Digestive tract
The long tube that food travels through during digestion. It includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
Mouth
Mouth
The first part of the digestive tract, where chewing breaks down food into smaller pieces.
Mechanical digestion
Mechanical digestion
The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, like chewing or churning in the stomach.
Salivary glands
Salivary glands
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Chemical digestion
Chemical digestion
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Esophagus
Esophagus
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Peristalsis
Peristalsis
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Stomach
Stomach
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Gastric juices
Gastric juices
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Small intestine
Small intestine
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Chyme
Chyme
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Chyle
Chyle
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Villi
Villi
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What are the three parts of the small intestine?
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
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What does the pancreas secrete into the small intestine?
What does the pancreas secrete into the small intestine?
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What does the liver produce?
What does the liver produce?
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What is mechanical digestion?
What is mechanical digestion?
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What is chemical digestion?
What is chemical digestion?
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Which part of the digestive system absorbs the most water and nutrients?
Which part of the digestive system absorbs the most water and nutrients?
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What is the role of gut flora in the large intestine?
What is the role of gut flora in the large intestine?
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Study Notes
Digestive System Overview
- The digestive system comprises the digestive tract and accessory glands.
- The digestive tract is a long tube, including the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
Mouth
- The mouth mechanically and chemically digests food.
- Chewing (mastication) breaks down food.
- The tongue manipulates food and contains taste buds.
- Salivary glands produce saliva, initiating carbohydrate digestion.
- Saliva mixes with food, forming a bolus.
Pharynx
- The pharynx is a shared passageway for both food and air.
- The epiglottis, a flap-like structure, prevents food from entering the respiratory tract.
Esophagus
- Peristaltic movements propel food to the stomach.
Stomach
- The stomach connects to the esophagus via the cardia and to the small intestine via the pylorus.
- Stomach muscles mechanically digest food.
- Gastric juices, containing enzymes like pepsin, chemically break down proteins.
- Food is converted into chyme.
Small Intestine
- The small intestine is a long, coiled tube.
- The duodenum receives chyme and digestive juices from the liver and pancreas.
- Liver bile aids lipid digestion.
- Pancreatic juices neutralize stomach acidity.
- Intestinal villi increase surface area for absorption.
- Nutrients pass into the bloodstream through capillaries;
- The small intestine consists of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Large Intestine
- The large intestine (wider than the small intestine) absorbs water and minerals.
- The colon houses gut flora which processes undigested materials.
- Waste is expelled through the anus (egestion).
Accessory Digestive Glands
- Salivary glands secrete saliva containing amylase (carbohydrate enzyme).
- The liver is the largest gland, producing bile for lipid digestion.
- Bile is stored in the gallbladder.
- The pancreas secretes pancreatic juices and hormones.
Digestion Processes
- Mechanical Digestion: Processes that reduce food size (mastication, insalivation, peristalsis).
- Chemical Digestion: Processes breaking down food into nutrients (mouth, stomach, small intestine).
Absorption in the Small Intestine
- The highly folded small intestine's structure greatly increases its absorptive surface area (approx. 200 m²).
- Villi and microvilli further enhance absorption.
Absorption in the Large Intestine
- Water and minerals are absorbed in the large intestine.
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Description
Explore the key components of the digestive system, including the digestive tract and its accessory glands. This quiz covers the functions of different parts such as the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach, highlighting their roles in digestion.
