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Questions and Answers
What substance is primarily absorbed in the ileum?
What substance is primarily absorbed in the ileum?
The ileum is responsible for the initial digestion of food.
The ileum is responsible for the initial digestion of food.
False (B)
What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?
What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?
It regulates the release of chyme into the duodenum.
The primary function of the colon is to reabsorb ______ into the bloodstream.
The primary function of the colon is to reabsorb ______ into the bloodstream.
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What structure transports absorbed nutrients from the villi to the liver?
What structure transports absorbed nutrients from the villi to the liver?
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Match the following components of the digestive system with their respective functions:
Match the following components of the digestive system with their respective functions:
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Villi increase the surface area of the ileum for absorption.
Villi increase the surface area of the ileum for absorption.
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Which enzyme is responsible for chemically digesting proteins in the stomach?
Which enzyme is responsible for chemically digesting proteins in the stomach?
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The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients.
The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients.
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What are the thick liquid formed in the stomach during digestion called?
What are the thick liquid formed in the stomach during digestion called?
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What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
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The teeth used primarily for biting and cutting food are called __________.
The teeth used primarily for biting and cutting food are called __________.
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Match the following types of human teeth with their primary functions:
Match the following types of human teeth with their primary functions:
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What is the pH level in the stomach, favored for pepsin activity?
What is the pH level in the stomach, favored for pepsin activity?
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The pancreas secretes bile to aid digestion in the stomach.
The pancreas secretes bile to aid digestion in the stomach.
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Name one enzyme found in pancreatic juice and its function.
Name one enzyme found in pancreatic juice and its function.
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What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?
What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?
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The rectum is responsible for storing feces until it is expelled from the body.
The rectum is responsible for storing feces until it is expelled from the body.
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What process converts excess glucose into glycogen in the liver?
What process converts excess glucose into glycogen in the liver?
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The liver plays a significant role in removing ________ from the blood and converting them to less harmful substances.
The liver plays a significant role in removing ________ from the blood and converting them to less harmful substances.
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Match the digestive organ to its function:
Match the digestive organ to its function:
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Which enzyme in the pancreas is responsible for breaking down lipids?
Which enzyme in the pancreas is responsible for breaking down lipids?
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Detoxification in the liver only involves removing alcohol from the blood.
Detoxification in the liver only involves removing alcohol from the blood.
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What is the final end product of protein digestion in the ileum?
What is the final end product of protein digestion in the ileum?
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Which process of digestion breaks down food into smaller pieces without altering its chemical structure?
Which process of digestion breaks down food into smaller pieces without altering its chemical structure?
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Chemical digestion involves breaking down food into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
Chemical digestion involves breaking down food into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
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What enzyme in saliva begins the chemical digestion of starch?
What enzyme in saliva begins the chemical digestion of starch?
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The tube that leads from the mouth to the anus is known as the __________.
The tube that leads from the mouth to the anus is known as the __________.
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Match the digestive structures with their primary functions:
Match the digestive structures with their primary functions:
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Which of the following organs does NOT participate in physical digestion?
Which of the following organs does NOT participate in physical digestion?
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Peristalsis occurs in the mouth.
Peristalsis occurs in the mouth.
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What is the main function of saliva in the digestive process?
What is the main function of saliva in the digestive process?
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Study Notes
Digestive System Overview
- Digestion is the physical and chemical breakdown of food into absorbable substances.
- Physical digestion breaks down large food particles into smaller ones, increasing surface area for enzymes.
- Chemical digestion breaks down complex molecules into smaller, soluble molecules.
- The digestive system includes the alimentary canal and associated organs (e.g., teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas).
- The alimentary canal is the tube from mouth to anus, where food travels during digestion. Peristalsis is the involuntary rhythmic movement in the alimentary canal.
Digestive System Structures
- Teeth: used for biting and chewing, increasing surface area and starting physical digestion.
- Esophagus: tube connecting mouth to stomach; peristalsis moves food.
- Liver: produces bile for fat emulsification. Stores nutrients like iron and vitamins. Maintains blood sugar levels.
- Gall bladder: stores bile produced by the liver.
- Duodenum: first part of small intestine; mixing of food with digestive juices.
- Small intestine: contains enzymes to break down nutrients. Absorbs digested food into bloodstream
- Large intestine: absorbs water and salts. Forms feces.
- Pancreas: produces enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
- Stomach: churns food, mixes with gastric juice (enzymes and HCl).
- Appendix: small pouch at beginning of large intestine.
Digestion in the Mouth
- Ingestion: intake of food.
- Saliva: produced by salivary glands; contains water, mucus, and amylase (enzyme that starts starch digestion).
- Tongue: moves food around in mouth during chewing. Forms bolus (swallowed food mass).
Digestion in the Stomach
- Gastric juice: produced in stomach; contains enzymes (pepsin) and HCl, which breaks down proteins and kills bacteria.
- Chyme: semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice.
Digestion in the Small Intestine
- Duodenum: bile (from liver/gallbladder) neutralizes chyme and emulsifies fats. Pancreatic juices contain enzymes.
- Ileum: contains enzymes for final breakdown of nutrients. Absorbs digested nutrients into bloodstream.
Digestion in the Large Intestine
- Colon: absorbs water and salts from undigested material.
- Rectum: stores feces.
- Defecation: removal of feces from body.
Enzymes
- Enzymes are biological catalysts speeding up digestion. Each enzyme is specific to a substrate (nutrient).
- Amylase breaks down starch.
- Pepsin breaks down proteins.
- Lipase breaks down lipids (fats).
- Maltase breaks down maltose.
- Peptidase breaks down polypeptides.
- Sucrase breaks down sucrose.
- Lactase breaks down lactose.
Role of the Liver
- Processes nutrients absorbed from small intestine.
- Stores glucose as glycogen; releases glucose as needed.
- Removes toxins from blood.
- Produces bile.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components and functions of the digestive system. It includes details on both physical and chemical digestion, as well as key structures such as the mouth, esophagus, liver, and gallbladder. Test your understanding of how these elements work together in the digestive process.
