Digestive System Overview and Processes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lower esophageal sphincter?

  • To mix food with saliva in the mouth
  • To prevent the backflow of stomach contents (correct)
  • To break down food in the stomach
  • To propel food into the small intestine

    • What is chyme composed of?

  • Saliva and undigested food
  • Masticated food and digestive enzymes (correct)
  • Bile and absorbed nutrients
  • Fiber and water

    • What role does peristalsis play in the digestive system?

  • It propels food along the length of the esophagus (correct)
  • It mixes food with saliva
  • It secretes digestive enzymes into the stomach
  • It breaks down food into smaller particles

    • Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of accessory organs in the digestive system?

    <p>They break down food and prepare it for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the process of digestion even before food is ingested?

    <p>Activation of salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure mixes food with saliva in the mouth?

    <p>Tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of material is considered indigestible and contributes to dietary fiber?

    <p>Plant material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does saliva play in digestion?

    <p>It breaks down starches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the epiglottis during swallowing?

    <p>It closes over the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the small intestine is the longest?

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the stomach to start its digestive action?

    <p>Stretch receptors in the stomach walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chyme?

    <p>The mixture of food and stomach acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peristalsis?

    <p>The rhythmic contraction of muscles in the GI tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the length of the small intestine change after death?

    <p>It becomes longer due to muscle relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of a 'stomach ache'?

    <p>Gas trapped needing to navigate around folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine?

    <p>To absorb water and pass feces into the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is a worm-shaped extension near the start of the large intestine?

    <p>Appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does fiber have on feces in the large intestine?

    <p>Strengthens peristaltic contractions and softens feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sphincter is under voluntary control for the expulsion of feces?

    <p>Outer sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the defecation reflex?

    <p>Pushing of feces against the rectal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the brain decides to hold off the defecation reflex?

    <p>The inner sphincter remains closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs play a vital role in digestion but lie outside the GI tract?

    <p>Liver, gallbladder, pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the liver located in the body?

    <p>Under the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the digestive system?

    <p>To provide vital nutrients for growth, maintenance, and repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does pancreatic juice enter the digestive system?

    <p>In the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding pancreatic juice?

    <p>It aids in the digestion of various food molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'GI' stand for?

    <p>Gastrointestinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is specifically absorbed by the digestive system for blood clotting?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymphoid nodules in the intestinal walls?

    <p>They help prevent the invasion of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver as described?

    <p>Absorbs nutrients from the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an abbreviation for administering medication by mouth?

    <p>P.o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?

    <p>To break down large fat molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bile after it is produced in the liver?

    <p>It is stored in the gallbladder until needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the liver is false?

    <p>It is the only organ to store bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the gallbladder release bile into the digestive system?

    <p>By peristalsis through the common bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the liver's functions related to blood components?

    <p>It synthesizes clotting proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the gallbladder's removal considered to have limited impact on digestion?

    <p>The liver continues making and supplying bile directly to the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for a liver to regenerate after partial donation?

    <p>Six weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance produced by the liver contains bile salts and aids in fat digestion?

    <p>Bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System Overview

    • The digestive system's main role is extracting nutrients from food for energy and growth.
    • It consists of a digestive tube (GI tract) and accessory organs.
    • The GI tract extends from the mouth to the anus.
    • Different regions of the GI tract have varying structures and functions.

    Digestive Processes

    • Mastication: Breaking down food
    • Bolus: Mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed
    • Peristalsis: Muscular contractions moving food through the esophagus.
    • Esophagus: 10-inch muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach.
    • Chyme: Food mixed with digestive enzymes.
    • Sphincters: Circular muscles controlling openings in the GI tract.
    • Sphincter (example): Lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter prevents stomach contents from refluxing back into the esophagus.
    • Digestion breaks down food into molecules that can be absorbed.

    Accessory Organs

    • Pancreas: Produces enzymes for digestion, and hormones like insulin.
    • Liver: Processes nutrients, produces bile, filters toxins, and produces proteins.
    • Gallbladder: Stores bile, releasing it into the small intestine.

    Small and Large Intestines

    • Small Intestine: absorbs nutrients.
    • Large Intestine: absorbs water from waste.
    • Rectum: Last section of the large intestine that stores feces.
    • Anus: The final opening of the GI tract, waste exits the body.
    • Defecation: Elimination of waste from the digestive tract.
    • Bacteria in the digestive tract play a significant role in the digestion process and body health.

    Other Relevant Information

    • Saliva begins digestion - includes digestive enzymes to break down starches.
    • The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea (windpipe).
    • Food mixed with digestive enzymes is pushed through the small intestine, where most nutrients are absorbed, and then to the large intestine.
    • The stomach has specific muscles to help break down food into smaller pieces.
    • The sight or smell of food can trigger stomach activity.
    • The large intestine (colon) absorbs water and prepares waste for elimination.

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    Related Documents

    Digestive System: Anatomy and Physiology PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate workings of the digestive system, including key processes like mastication and peristalsis. Understand the roles of various organs and structures that facilitate digestion from the mouth to the anus. This quiz covers the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its accessory organs.

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