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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in the digestive system?
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in the digestive system?
- Absorption, Ingestion, Digestion, Egestion
- Ingestion, Absorption, Digestion, Egestion
- Digestion, Ingestion, Absorption, Egestion
- Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Egestion (correct)
The large intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption.
The large intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption.
False (B)
What is the name of the process that moves food through the esophagus?
What is the name of the process that moves food through the esophagus?
peristalsis
The enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars is called ______.
The enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars is called ______.
If a food sample turns purple when tested with biuret solution, which nutrient is present?
If a food sample turns purple when tested with biuret solution, which nutrient is present?
Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.
Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.
What is the role of villi and microvilli in the digestive system?
What is the role of villi and microvilli in the digestive system?
Match the following reagents with the nutrient they test for:
Match the following reagents with the nutrient they test for:
Flashcards
Digestion
Digestion
The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for energy and building blocks.
Ingestion
Ingestion
Taking in food through the mouth.
Absorption
Absorption
The movement of nutrients from the digestive system into the bloodstream.
Egestion
Egestion
The elimination of undigested food waste from the body.
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Small intestine
Small intestine
The long, tubular organ where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur.
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Enzymes
Enzymes
Biomolecules that speed up chemical reactions without being used up.
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Villi and microvilli
Villi and microvilli
Increases the surface area of the small intestine for more efficient absorption of nutrients.
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Peristalsis
Peristalsis
Muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
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Digestive System Overview
- The digestive system breaks down food into usable nutrients.
- Stages include ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion.
Key Organs and Functions
- Mouth: Initial digestion with saliva and chewing.
- Esophagus: Transports food to the stomach via peristalsis.
- Stomach: Contains acid and enzymes to break down food.
- Small Intestine: Major site of digestion and nutrient absorption.
- Large Intestine: Absorbs water and forms waste.
- Rectum and Anus: Eliminate solid waste.
Food Testing
- Starch: Iodine solution turns blue-black in its presence (positive test).
- Glucose: Benedict's solution changes color (blue to green/yellow/red) with increasing glucose concentration.
- Proteins: Biuret solution turns purple in the presence of proteins.
- Lipids: Ethanol emulsion test produces a white, cloudy emulsion if lipids are present.
Enzymes
- Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up reactions without being used up.
- Amylase: Breaks down starch into sugars (mouth and small intestine).
- Protease: Breaks down proteins into amino acids (stomach and small intestine).
- Lipase: Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol (small intestine).
Digestive System Adaptations
- Large Surface Area: Villi and microvilli in the small intestine increase absorption surface.
- Enzymes: Specialized enzymes efficiently break down different food types.
- Peristalsis: Muscular contractions move and break down food.
- Acidic Stomach Environment: Breaks down food, kills pathogens.
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