32 Questions
Where do hydrolysis reactions aided by enzymes mainly occur, chemically breaking down food particles into nutrient molecules?
Small intestine
Which process involves the muscular movement of the digestive tract to physically break down food into smaller particles?
Mechanical digestion
Which part of the digestive system allows food to enter the digestive tract and undergoes mastication (chewing) before being swallowed?
Oral cavity
What is the process by which undigested material is released through the rectum and anus by defecation?
Elimination
Which group of organs is divided into the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory structures?
Digestive system and accessory structures
Which function involves the passage of end-products (nutrients) of chemical digestion from the digestive tract into blood or lymph for distribution to tissue cells?
Absorption
What is the function of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands in the oral cavity?
Produce saliva to moisten food and dissolve it to form a bolus
Which structure connects the oral cavity to the esophagus and allows entrance of air from the nasal cavity to the larynx?
Pharynx
What is the primary function of the tongue during mastication?
Manipulate the food and contain taste buds
What is the primary purpose of peristalsis in the GI tract?
To push food particles toward the anus
Which gland releases saliva consisting of 99.5% water and dissolved substances including amylase enzyme and bicarbonate ion?
Salivary glands
What is the main role of the pharyngeal constrictors in the pharynx?
To force food downward during swallowing
What is the function of amylase enzyme in saliva?
To chemically digest polysaccharides into disaccharides
What is the primary purpose of mastication in the digestive process?
To mechanically break down food particles
What allows entrance of air from nasal cavity to larynx and excludes air from entering the esophagus?
Pharyngeal constrictors
What is the function of bicarbonate ion in saliva?
Maintains pH of saliva at 6.5-7.5
What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) in the digestive system?
Mechanical digestion
Which organ is responsible for the secretion of saliva consisting of 99.5% water and dissolved substances including amylase enzyme and bicarbonate ion?
Parotid gland
What is the main purpose of peristalsis in the digestive system?
Transportation of food through the digestive tract
Which structure connects the oral cavity to the esophagus and allows for the passage of food from the mouth to the stomach?
Pharynx
What is the primary role of the tongue during mastication (chewing) in the digestive process?
Mixing food with digestive enzymes
Where does chemical digestion involving hydrolysis reactions primarily occur, leading to the breakdown of food particles into nutrient molecules?
Small intestine
What is the primary function of the pharyngeal constrictors in the pharynx?
To exclude air from entering the esophagus
Where do hydrolysis reactions aided by enzymes mainly occur, chemically breaking down food particles into nutrient molecules?
Small intestine
What is the main role of the tongue during mastication?
To manipulate the food
Which structure connects the oral cavity to the esophagus and allows entrance of air from the nasal cavity to the larynx?
Pharynx
What allows entrance of air from nasal cavity to larynx and excludes air from entering the esophagus?
Pharyngeal constrictors
Which process involves the muscular movement of the digestive tract to physically break down food into smaller particles?
Mixing
What is the function of amylase enzyme in saliva?
To break down polysaccharides into disaccharides
Which gland releases saliva consisting of 99.5% water and dissolved substances including amylase enzyme and bicarbonate ion?
Sublingual gland
What is the primary purpose of peristalsis in the GI tract?
To push food particles toward the anus
What is the function of bicarbonate ion in saliva?
To maintain pH of saliva at 6.5-7.5
Study Notes
Digestive System
- Hydrolysis reactions aided by enzymes mainly occur in the digestive tract, chemically breaking down food particles into nutrient molecules.
- The muscular movement of the digestive tract physically breaks down food into smaller particles through a process called peristalsis.
- The mouth is the part of the digestive system where food enters the digestive tract and undergoes mastication (chewing) before being swallowed.
- The process of defecation releases undigested material through the rectum and anus.
- The digestive system is divided into the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory structures.
- The passage of end-products (nutrients) of chemical digestion from the digestive tract into blood or lymph for distribution to tissue cells is called absorption.
Mouth and Salivary Glands
- The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands in the oral cavity produce saliva that helps break down food.
- The pharynx connects the oral cavity to the esophagus and allows entrance of air from the nasal cavity to the larynx, while excluding air from entering the esophagus.
- The primary function of the tongue during mastication is to mix food with saliva and facilitate chewing.
- The salivary glands release saliva consisting of 99.5% water and dissolved substances, including amylase enzyme and bicarbonate ion.
Enzymes and Ions
- Amylase enzyme in saliva breaks down carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
- Bicarbonate ion in saliva helps maintain the pH of the mouth and neutralize acid produced during digestion.
GI Tract and Peristalsis
- The primary function of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) is to chemically break down food particles into nutrient molecules.
- Peristalsis is the primary purpose of the GI tract, involving the muscular movement of the digestive tract to physically break down food into smaller particles.
- The primary function of peristalsis in the digestive system is to move food through the digestive tract and facilitate the breakdown of food particles.
Test your knowledge on the functions of the digestive system with this quiz. Learn about processes like ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion, and absorption. Challenge yourself and expand your understanding of the human digestive system.
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