Digestive System Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that governs the GI tract's local nervous system?

  • Hormonal control of GI functions
  • Nutritional state of the body
  • Central nervous system's stimulation
  • Volume and composition of the luminal contents (correct)
  • Which nerve network controls the smooth muscle activity in the GI tract?

  • Submucosal Plexus
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Central nervous system
  • Myenteric Plexus (correct)
  • Where are GI hormones released from?

  • Into the blood from the opposite side of the cell (correct)
  • Directly into the lumen
  • Into the mucosa
  • Into the muscularis externa
  • What stimulates the release of GI hormones?

    <p>Various substances in chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major GI hormones are there?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for the release of gastrin in the stomach?

    <p>Presence of amino acids and peptides in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released in response to the presence of acid in the small intestine and stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate in the pancreas?

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GIP in the pancreas?

    <p>Stimulates the release of insulin and slows stomach churning rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released in response to the presence of fatty acids in the small intestine and stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder?

    <p>Cholecystokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of gastrin on the stomach?

    <p>Stimulates acid secretion and motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide?

    <p>GIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the faecal material the longer it stays in the large intestine?

    <p>More water is reabsorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscle types is responsible for the voluntary control of the anus?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine in relation to waste?

    <p>To store and expel waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids can be synthesized in the body?

    <p>Glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of trypsin in protein digestion?

    <p>To break down proteins into peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initiating factor for the defecation reflex?

    <p>Stretching of the rectal walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters in the liver?

    <p>To facilitate the absorption of monosaccharides through facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of triglycerides, the main dietary fat?

    <p>Glycerol backbone with three fatty acids attached</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down polysaccharides in the mouth?

    <p>Salivary amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fats in the body?

    <p>To serve as a concentrated source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lactase in the small intestine?

    <p>To break down lactose into glucose and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>They are liquid at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mixing and propulsion process in the digestive system?

    <p>Moving food through the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the epithelium in the digestive system?

    <p>To provide nonspecific protection against bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the GI tract?

    <p>9 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of secretion in the digestive system?

    <p>To release water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the digestive system?

    <p>To break down ingested foods into molecular forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the GI tract being 'open at both ends'?

    <p>It means the GI tract and its contents are considered outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

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