Digestive System Functions

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What is the primary factor that governs the GI tract's local nervous system?

Hormonal control of GI functions
Nutritional state of the body
Central nervous system's stimulation
Volume and composition of the luminal contents (correct)

Which nerve network controls the smooth muscle activity in the GI tract?

Submucosal Plexus
Autonomic nervous system
Central nervous system
Myenteric Plexus (correct)

Where are GI hormones released from?

Into the blood from the opposite side of the cell (correct)
Directly into the lumen
Into the mucosa
Into the muscularis externa

What stimulates the release of GI hormones?

Various substances in chyme (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many major GI hormones are there?

Four (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for the release of gastrin in the stomach?

Presence of amino acids and peptides in the stomach (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released in response to the presence of acid in the small intestine and stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate in the pancreas?

Secretin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of GIP in the pancreas?

Stimulates the release of insulin and slows stomach churning rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released in response to the presence of fatty acids in the small intestine and stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder?

Cholecystokinin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of gastrin on the stomach?

Stimulates acid secretion and motility (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide?

GIP (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the faecal material the longer it stays in the large intestine?

More water is reabsorbed (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle types is responsible for the voluntary control of the anus?

Skeletal muscle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine in relation to waste?

To store and expel waste (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids can be synthesized in the body?

Glycine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of trypsin in protein digestion?

To break down proteins into peptides (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initiating factor for the defecation reflex?

Stretching of the rectal walls (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters in the liver?

To facilitate the absorption of monosaccharides through facilitated diffusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of triglycerides, the main dietary fat?

Glycerol backbone with three fatty acids attached (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down polysaccharides in the mouth?

Salivary amylase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fats in the body?

To serve as a concentrated source of energy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lactase in the small intestine?

To break down lactose into glucose and galactose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

They are liquid at room temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mixing and propulsion process in the digestive system?

Moving food through the GI tract (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epithelium in the digestive system?

To provide nonspecific protection against bacteria (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the GI tract?

9 meters (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of secretion in the digestive system?

To release water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the GI tract (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the digestive system?

To break down ingested foods into molecular forms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the GI tract being 'open at both ends'?

It means the GI tract and its contents are considered outside the body (A) Signup and view all the answers