29 Questions
What is the primary factor that governs the GI tract's local nervous system?
Volume and composition of the luminal contents
Which nerve network controls the smooth muscle activity in the GI tract?
Myenteric Plexus
Where are GI hormones released from?
Into the blood from the opposite side of the cell
What stimulates the release of GI hormones?
Various substances in chyme
How many major GI hormones are there?
Four
What is the primary stimulus for the release of gastrin in the stomach?
Presence of amino acids and peptides in the stomach
Which hormone is released in response to the presence of acid in the small intestine and stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate in the pancreas?
Secretin
What is the primary function of GIP in the pancreas?
Stimulates the release of insulin and slows stomach churning rate
Which hormone is released in response to the presence of fatty acids in the small intestine and stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder?
Cholecystokinin
What is the primary effect of gastrin on the stomach?
Stimulates acid secretion and motility
Which hormone is also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide?
GIP
What happens to the faecal material the longer it stays in the large intestine?
More water is reabsorbed
Which of the following muscle types is responsible for the voluntary control of the anus?
Skeletal muscle
What is the primary function of the large intestine in relation to waste?
To store and expel waste
Which of the following amino acids can be synthesized in the body?
Glycine
What is the primary function of trypsin in protein digestion?
To break down proteins into peptides
What is the initiating factor for the defecation reflex?
Stretching of the rectal walls
What is the primary function of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters in the liver?
To facilitate the absorption of monosaccharides through facilitated diffusion
What is the primary component of triglycerides, the main dietary fat?
Glycerol backbone with three fatty acids attached
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down polysaccharides in the mouth?
Salivary amylase
What is the primary function of fats in the body?
To serve as a concentrated source of energy
What is the primary function of lactase in the small intestine?
To break down lactose into glucose and galactose
What is the primary characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?
They are liquid at room temperature
What is the primary function of the mixing and propulsion process in the digestive system?
Moving food through the GI tract
What is the role of the epithelium in the digestive system?
To provide nonspecific protection against bacteria
What is the approximate length of the GI tract?
9 meters
What is the purpose of secretion in the digestive system?
To release water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the GI tract
What is the main function of the digestive system?
To break down ingested foods into molecular forms
What is the significance of the GI tract being 'open at both ends'?
It means the GI tract and its contents are considered outside the body
Test your knowledge of the digestive system's functions, including ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, and absorption. Learn about the process of breaking down food into molecular forms and the role of the digestive system in protecting against infections.
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