Digestive System Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the process whereby nutrients are taken into the bloodstream called?

Absorption

What enzyme breaks down starch?

Amylase

What is the term for the building up of body tissues in the constructive phase of metabolism?

Anabolism

What does anorexia refer to?

Lack of appetite Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical excision of the appendix called?

Appendectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is appendicitis?

Inflammation of the appendix Signup and view all the answers

What is the accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity called?

Ascites Signup and view all the answers

What does biliary pertain to?

Bile Signup and view all the answers

What is bilirubin?

Orange-colored bile pigment produced by the separation of hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for a covered tongue by hairlike papillae?

Black hairy tongue Signup and view all the answers

What does the term bowel refer to?

Intestine Signup and view all the answers

What does buccal mean?

Pertaining to the cheek Signup and view all the answers

What is catabolism?

Breaking down of complex substances into more basic elements Signup and view all the answers

What does celiac pertain to?

Abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What is cheilosis?

Abnormal condition of the lip Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical excision of the gallbladder called?

Cholecystectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is cholecystitis?

Inflammation of the gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

What is choledochotomy?

Surgical incision of the common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

What is chyle?

Milky fluid of intestinal digestion composed of lymph and emulsified fats Signup and view all the answers

What is cirrhosis?

Chronic degenerative liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is colectomy?

Surgical excision of part of the colon Signup and view all the answers

What is colon cancer?

Malignancy of the colon Signup and view all the answers

What does colonic mean?

Pertaining to the colon Signup and view all the answers

What is a colonoscope?

Flexible, lighted instrument for direct visual examination of the colon Signup and view all the answers

What is colonoscopy?

Visual examination of the colon via a colonoscope Signup and view all the answers

What is colostomy?

Creation of a new opening into the colon Signup and view all the answers

What is constipation?

Infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces Signup and view all the answers

What is defecation?

Evacuation of the bowel Signup and view all the answers

What is deglutition?

Act or process of swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is dentalgia?

Medical term for a toothache Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Absorption and Metabolism

Absorption is the process through which nutrients enter the bloodstream.
Anabolism refers to the constructive phase of metabolism where body tissues are built up.
Catabolism describes the breakdown of complex substances into simpler elements.

Nutrient Breakdown

Amylase is an enzyme essential for breaking down starch into simpler sugars.
Chyle is a milky fluid formed from intestinal digestion, consisting of lymph and emulsified fats.

Digestive System Conditions

Anorexia signifies a lack of appetite, which can affect nutrient intake.
Appendicitis is characterized by inflammation of the appendix and may require surgical intervention (appendectomy).
Ascites is the significant accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
Circumstances leading to conditions like colon cancer (malignancy of the colon) can arise from various risk factors.

Surgical Procedures

Appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix.
Cholecystectomy involves the surgical excision of the gallbladder, often due to cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation).
Choledochotomy is a surgical incision made in the common bile duct.
Colectomy refers to the surgical removal of part of the colon.
Colostomy involves creating a new opening in the colon.

Gastrointestinal Examination

A colonoscope is used for direct visual examination of the colon.
Colonoscopy is the procedure that employs a colonoscope for visual examination.

Oral and Digestive Health

Cheilosis indicates an abnormal condition of the lips related to deficiencies in riboflavin and other B-complex vitamins.
Black hairy tongue results from hairlike papillae entangled with fungal threads from Aspergillus niger or Candida albicans.

General Terms

Bowel refers to the intestine as a whole.
Buccal pertains to the cheek area in medical terminology.
Deglutition is the act of swallowing, integral to the digestive process.
Defecation is the process of evacuating the bowel, crucial for waste removal.
Dentalgia is the medical term for toothache, addressing oral health concerns.

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Description

Explore key terms related to the digestive system with this comprehensive flashcard quiz. From absorption to anorexia, each card provides essential definitions and insights into how our body processes nutrients. Perfect for students in health sciences and biology courses.