Digestive System Flashcards

Break down food, absorb nutrient molecules, and eliminate indigestible food.

Alimentary Canal

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines.

<p>Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking food into the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical breakdown of food - chewing, churning, segmentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breakdown of food using chemicals like enzymes and acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of food - swallowing, peristalsis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bringing food across the mucosa and into the blood supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passing feces out of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis involves smooth muscle wave contractions moving food in one direction, while segmentation involves smooth muscle back-and-forth contractions to mix and further break down food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Made of serous, two-layer membrane; one layer lines the cavity walls (parietal peritoneum) and the other lines some organs within the cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space between parietal and visceral peritoneal membranes, where fluid acts as a lubricant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organs that are not a part of the peritoneal lining and are located behind the membranes (e.g., liver, kidney, duodenum).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organs lined by membranes, located within membrane layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double serous membrane in the abdomen that tethers organs to the posterior body wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa, adventitia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue (stratified squamous or simple columnar) that protects or allows secretion or absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue that contains blood supply and nervous structures, as well as lymphatic structures of immune function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal or smooth muscle depending on the part of the tube, performs swallowing, peristalsis, and segmentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most superficial layer, either serosa (visceral peritoneum) or connective tissue called fibrous adventitia (e.g., esophagus).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons that respond to stimuli (stretch) and neurons that direct motility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral or buccal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lips, palate, tongue, and cheeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified squamous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many protective layers that can slough off and be replaced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle cores that help in chewing and speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buccinators (cheeks) and orbicularis oris (lips).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The red portion of the lip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space between lips-cheeks and gums-teeth, can hold food-saliva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From teeth to oropharynx, involved in chewing, speech, swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holds lips to gums.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bony portion of palate, for chewing and speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle core, contains uvula, closes off nasopharynx during swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archway to the oropharynx from the oral cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chewing, forming bolus for speech and swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscles that change the shape of the tongue and are reflexive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscles that move the tongue within the oral cavity and are more voluntarily controlled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lingual frenulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungiform, circumvallate, and filiform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungiform and circumvallate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Numerous, small papillae containing taste buds, mostly on the tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large papillae with taste buds that form a V-shape on 2/3 of the tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small papillae on the tongue that provide friction, no taste buds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleanse the mouth and help form bolus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior to the ear; duct opens to the upper second molar region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Under the mandible; ducts open to the lingual frenulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Under the tongue; ducts open to the floor of the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mainly water, mucus, ions, and immune molecules (antibodies, defensins, and lysozymes); creates 1-1.5 liters per day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starches into simple sugars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nipping and cutting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piercing and cutting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grinding and crushing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portion embedded in the maxilla and mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visible portion of the tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constricted portion between root and crown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone-like material that makes up the bulk of the tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves inside the pulp cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroxyapatite crystals arranged in a manner that it is the hardest substance in the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcified connective tissue around the root of the tooth that helps cement the tooth in the socket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ligaments of the gomphosis joint that anchor the tooth in the socket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groove between tooth and gums.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hollow area inside the tooth filled with pulp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opening in the bottom of the tooth leading into the canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canal that leads blood vessels and nerves to the pulp cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receives food from oral cavity and leads to laryngopharynx; lined with stratified squamous epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tube of the alimentary canal stretching from laryngopharynx to the stomach, runs through mediastinum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastroesophageal sphincter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A soft, collapsible tube around 10 inches in length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingestion, chemical digestion, mechanical digestion, swallowing, peristalsis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bolus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domed superior region of the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body between fundus and cardia, and the pyloric region, it is the bulk of the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>End of the stomach before the pyloric sphincter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral edge of the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial edge of the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large double serosa membrane attached to the greater curvature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double serosa connecting liver to stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three layers: deepest oblique (not in all canals), circular, and superficial longitudinal layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelium is simple columnar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Made of mucus cells that make and secrete mucus to provide a protective lining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and chief cells that secrete pepsinogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts as a washboard, mechanically breaking down food during churning; allows stomach to expand and store food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucus cells of the gastric pits produce a bicarbonate-rich mucus that lines the stomach mucosa and neutralizes acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Churning and chemical digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starts at the pyloric valve and ends in the ileocecal valve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combine together to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By mesenteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macroscopic folds, microscopic villi, and microvilli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple columnar in fingerlike folds (villi).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Found in the duodenum and secrete bicarbonate to help neutralize acidic chyme from the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain enterendocrine cells that secrete hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers