Digestive System and Nutrients Quiz
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

  • Mechanical digestion of carbohydrates
  • Churning of food
  • Chemical digestion of proteins
  • Absorption of nutrients (correct)

    • Which nutrient type has the highest energy content per gram?

  • Lipids (correct)
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Vitamins

    • What occurs in the stomach during the digestive process?

  • Absorption of water
  • Initial chewing of food
  • Absorption of nutrients
  • Mechanical breakdown of food by churning (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes mechanical digestion?

    <p>Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of acid in the stomach that aids digestion?

    <p>1.5 to 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure?

    <p>Energy is stored in the form of glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of nutrient intake in terms of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?

    <p>55% carbohydrates, 35% lipids, 15% proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the structure of glucose?

    <p>C6H12O6 with OH oriented downwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycogen phosphorylase in relation to glycogen?

    <p>Breaks down glycogen into glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of linkages are found in cellulose?

    <p>β-linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lactose composed of?

    <p>Glucose and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fiber in the digestive system?

    <p>Partially inhibits intestinal absorption of carbohydrates and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of lipids requires transporters for their transport in plasma?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about amino acids is true?

    <p>Some amino acids cannot be produced by the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of steroids in the body?

    <p>Production of steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following macromolecules is primarily involved in metabolism related to energy storage?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do amino acids primarily form when linked together?

    <p>Polypeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the breakdown of glucose to extract energy?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT typically associated with lipid complexes?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the building blocks of proteins?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous bases are classified as purines?

    <p>Adenine and Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal pH range for proper bodily functions?

    <p>7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding strong acids?

    <p>They are completely dissociated in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of alterations in pH levels?

    <p>Acidosis or alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are changes in blood CO₂ levels primarily regulated?

    <p>By respiration and metabolic pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caloric value of proteins per gram?

    <p>4 kcal/g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes are responsible for breaking down proteins?

    <p>Proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lipids broken down into during digestion?

    <p>Fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules are carbohydrates hydrolyzed into?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is specifically mentioned as being involved in metabolic processes?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary byproduct of carbohydrate digestion?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of digestion occurs after the stomach?

    <p>Absorption in the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are triglycerides broken down into?

    <p>Fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecule is primarily responsible for energy generation in the body?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do enzymes play in digestion?

    <p>Facilitate chemical reactions to break down macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between amino acids during peptide bond formation?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure describes the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein?

    <p>Primary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of secondary structure is characterized by a folded sheet-like formation?

    <p>β-sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stabilizes the tertiary structure of a protein?

    <p>Hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

    <p>Arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy Balance

    • Energy balance is when energy intake equals energy expenditure
    • If intake > expenditure, energy is stored
    • If intake < expenditure, energy is used from storage
    • Energy is stored as adipose tissue (fat)

    Carbohydrates

    • Glucose is the main energy source
    • Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles
    • Glucose levels in the blood are regulated by the hormones insulin and glucagon
    • Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen
    • Glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen
    • Glycemia is the glucose concentration in the blood (normal value: 10-10.9 g/l)

    Lipids

    • Lipids are fats, oils, and waxes
    • They are composed of fatty acids and glycerol
    • Triacylglycerols (TAG) are the primary storage form of lipids
    • Lipids are a concentrated energy source
    • Fatty acids (F.A.) are broken into acetyl-CoA

    Proteins

    • Proteins are composed of amino acids (A.A.)
    • Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance
    • The human body can synthesis some amino acids (non-essential)
    • Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet

    Digestion

    • Mechanical digestion (physical breakdown) and chemical digestion (chemical breakdown)
    • Digestive enzymes break down complex molecules into smaller units
    • Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase
    • Protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin (and HCl)
    • Lipid digestion begins in the small intestine with lipase
    • These smaller units are absorbed in the small intestine

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the digestive system and nutrient types through a series of questions. This quiz covers functionalities of the small intestine, stomach processes, and the composition and roles of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Challenge yourself and deepen your understanding of human digestion.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser