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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?
Proteins are the simplest form of nutrients.
Proteins are the simplest form of nutrients.
False
Name the four components of digestion.
Name the four components of digestion.
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion
Lipids serve as insulation for the body and are a concentrated source of __________ energy.
Lipids serve as insulation for the body and are a concentrated source of __________ energy.
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Match the types of carbohydrates with their examples:
Match the types of carbohydrates with their examples:
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Which nutrient is made up of long chains of amino acids?
Which nutrient is made up of long chains of amino acids?
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Humans can digest cellulose to obtain energy.
Humans can digest cellulose to obtain energy.
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What happens to excess carbohydrates in the body?
What happens to excess carbohydrates in the body?
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Study Notes
Digestive System
- The digestive system breaks down complex organic materials into smaller components for body tissue use.
- Four components of digestion:
- Ingestion: Taking in nutrients.
- Digestion: Breaking down complex molecules using enzymes.
- Absorption: Transporting digested nutrients to body tissues.
- Egestion: Removing waste food materials.
Essential Nutrients
- Six essential nutrients for a healthy body:
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Liquids
- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
Proteins
- Proteins are complex nutrients.
- Made up of amino acids.
- Body breaks down proteins into amino acids to build proteins.
- Excess protein can be converted into energy storage molecules.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are a primary energy source.
- Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Three main types of carbohydrates:
- Monosaccharides: Simple sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose)
- Disaccharides: Two simple sugars joined (e.g., lactose, sucrose)
- Polysaccharides: Complex carbohydrates (e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen)
- Plants store carbohydrates as starch, animals as glycogen.
Fats and Lipids
- Lipids are a concentrated energy source for the body.
- Help in vitamin absorption, form cell membranes, and provide insulation.
- Fats and oils are types of lipids, consisting of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol (forming triglycerides).
Vitamins
- Vitamins are essential nutrients needed in small amounts.
- Classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B, C).
Minerals
- Minerals are naturally occurring elements crucial for metabolic processes and tissue repair.
- Examples include calcium (bone formation), sodium (nerve impulses), iron (hemoglobin).
- Other minerals like fluorine, zinc, and copper are also essential in smaller amounts.
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Description
Explore the key components of the digestive system and the six essential nutrients critical for a healthy body. Understand the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion, as well as the role of proteins and carbohydrates in nutrition. Test your knowledge on how these nutrients contribute to overall health.
