Digestive System Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?

Small Intestine

Stomach

Esophagus

Pancreas (correct)

The esophagus is a wide muscular tube that descends from the base of the skull.

False

What component of the digestive system separates the mouth from the nose?

Hard palate

The main function of the pharynx is to pass food from the mouth to the _____ .

esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine follows the duodenum?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the large intestine with their descriptions:

Cecum = First part of the large intestine. Descending colon = Runs down the left side of the abdomen. Rectum = Final section before the anal canal. Sigmoid colon = S-shaped part leading to the rectum. Signup and view all the answers

The stomach has a consistent shape and size regardless of its contents.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one function of the tongue in the digestive process.

Mastication Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the three parts of the stomach?

Fundus, Body, Pylorus Signup and view all the answers

The small intestine is approximately 3 meters long.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the duodenum in the small intestine?

Digestion and absorption of food Signup and view all the answers

The tube of the large intestine is about _____ cm long.

180 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the large intestine with their characteristics:

Cecum = Blind-ended dilated part in right iliac fossa Vermiform appendix = Narrow empty part descending from the cecum Transverse colon = Movable part extending horizontally below the stomach Rectum = Dilated part present in the pelvis in front of the sacrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the salivary glands?

Secretion of saliva Signup and view all the answers

The large intestine is longer than the small intestine.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name the two main lobes of the liver.

Right lobe and left lobe Signup and view all the answers

The gall bladder is responsible for storing and concentrating ______.

bile Signup and view all the answers

Match the digestive glands with their functions:

Salivary glands = Secretion of saliva Liver = Production of bile Gall bladder = Storage of bile Pancreas = Production of digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

How many parts does the large intestine consist of?

Ten Signup and view all the answers

The pancreas is a soft, elongated organ located behind the stomach.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main parts of the gall bladder?

Fundus, body, neck Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Digestive System Anatomy

The digestive system is composed of the alimentary canal and digestive glands.
Alimentary canal: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), and large intestine (cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal).
Digestive glands: salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.
Objectives for students: list components, know functions of the GIT system, describe accessory glands, describe stomach structure, differentiate between small and large intestine, identify parts of the large intestine.
The mouth contains the tongue and secretes saliva. The palate (roof of the mouth) is formed of two parts: hard (anterior bony part, separates mouth from nose) and soft (posterior muscular part with uvula). The tongue aids in mastication, sucking, speech, and taste sensation.
The pharynx is a funnel-shaped muscular tube (12-14 cm long) that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the esophagus. It is divided into three parts: Nasopharynx (behind nose, Eustachian tubes), Oropharynx (behind mouth, tonsils), and Hypopharynx (behind larynx, esophagus).
The esophagus is a narrow muscular tube (25 cm long) that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food and drink to the stomach, closing except during swallowing. It enters the abdomen piercing the right crus of the diaphragm and joining the cardiac orifice of the stomach.
The stomach is located on the upper left side of the abdomen, variable in shape, and variable in size based on food content. Its three parts: Fundus (above the cardiac orifice), Body (large main part), and Pylorus (canal ending in pyloric sphincter). The stomach has two openings: cardiac orifice (stomach connects to esophagus) and pyloric orifice (connects stomach to duodenum). It has two curvatures (lesser curvature forms the left border, greater curvature forms the right border) and two surfaces (anterior surface related to liver, diaphragm, ribs and abdominal wall; posterior surface related to stomach bed, diaphragm, spleen, pancreas, transverse colon, left suprarenal gland, splenic artery, and left kidney).
The small intestine (about 6 meters long) is for digestion and absorption of food, divided into three parts: Duodenum (first part, C-shaped around the head of pancreas, four parts of varying lengths, bile duct and pancreatic duct open into the second part); Jejunum; Ileum.
The large intestine (about 180 cm long) frames the small intestines and has ten parts: Cecum (blind-ended dilated part in right iliac fossa, joins the ileum), Vermiform appendix (narrow empty part, descends from cecum), Ascending colon (fixed part, ascends in front of right kidney), Right colic flexure (lies below the liver), Transverse colon (movable part that extends horizontally below the stomach), Left colic flexure (lies below the spleen on the left side), Descending colon (fixed part, descends in front of left kidney), Pelvic (sigmoid) colon (S-shaped, present in the pelvis), Rectum (dilated part in pelvis in front of sacrum), Anal canal (terminal part, ends at anus surrounded by anal sphincter).
Differences between small and large intestine:
- Small intestine: 6 meters long, smooth, three parts, continuous.
- Large intestine: 1.8 meters long, sacculated, ten parts,
Salivary glands (3 pairs): Parotid (below ear), Submandibular (below mandible angle), Sublingual (mouth floor, under tongue).
The liver is the largest gland in the body, located in the upper right part of the abdominal cavity, under the diaphragm. It has two surfaces: diaphragmatic (under diaphragm) and visceral (postero-inferior, contacts stomach, duodenum, colon, and right kidney). The liver is divided into lobes (large right and small left lobes, quadrate and caudate lobes part of the right lobe). The hilum of the liver (porta hepatis) is where hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct enter the liver's inferior surface.
Biliary system: small bile ducts unite to form right and left hepatic ducts which join to form the common hepatic duct, joining the cystic duct (gall bladder) to create the common bile duct, which opens into the second part of the duodenum.
The gall bladder, a pear-shaped sac below the liver, stores and concentrates bile.
The pancreas: a soft elongated organ fixed on the posterior abdominal wall behind the stomach with these four parts: Head, Neck, Body and Tail.
Histology of the pancreas: divided into lobules formed by pancreatic cells in groups called acini with small ducts, Islets of Langerhans (insulin-producing cells), and a pancreatic duct that opens into the second part of the duodenum. The pancreas is a mixed gland that secretes insulin to the blood and pancreatic juice to the duodenum.
The peritoneum: a continuous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs. It has two layers: visceral layer (adheres to viscera) and parietal layer (lines the abdominal wall). The cavity between these layers is filled with serous fluid.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the digestive system. This quiz covers the components of the alimentary canal, the structure of the stomach, and the functions of various digestive glands. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of human anatomy.