Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which activity is NOT considered part of the digestive process?
Which activity is NOT considered part of the digestive process?
- Respiration (correct)
- Ingestion
- Absorption
- Secretion
What is the primary function of mechanical digestion?
What is the primary function of mechanical digestion?
- To secrete digestive enzymes into the alimentary canal.
- To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
- To increase the surface area and mobility of food particles. (correct)
- To chemically alter the nature of food molecules.
In what part of the digestive system does absorption primarily occur?
In what part of the digestive system does absorption primarily occur?
- Stomach
- Small Intestine (correct)
- Large Intestine
- Esophagus
Which of the following best describes peristalsis?
Which of the following best describes peristalsis?
What is the function of saliva in the mouth during ingestion?
What is the function of saliva in the mouth during ingestion?
What is the role of segmentation in the small intestine?
What is the role of segmentation in the small intestine?
Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion?
Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion?
How do lipids enter the bloodstream after absorption in the small intestine?
How do lipids enter the bloodstream after absorption in the small intestine?
What is the last voluntary action in the digestive process?
What is the last voluntary action in the digestive process?
What is the term for the mixture of partially digested food and gastric secretions in the stomach?
What is the term for the mixture of partially digested food and gastric secretions in the stomach?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the tongue in digestion?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the tongue in digestion?
In what way does chewing contribute to the efficiency of chemical digestion?
In what way does chewing contribute to the efficiency of chemical digestion?
How does segmentation enhance absorption in the small intestine?
How does segmentation enhance absorption in the small intestine?
What distinguishes mechanical digestion from chemical digestion?
What distinguishes mechanical digestion from chemical digestion?
During peristalsis, what actions occur?
During peristalsis, what actions occur?
Which of the following secretions is NOT typically involved in chemical digestion?
Which of the following secretions is NOT typically involved in chemical digestion?
After the small intestine absorbs nutrients, where do the nutrients go?
After the small intestine absorbs nutrients, where do the nutrients go?
What is the primary purpose of the contraction of muscles in segmentation?
What is the primary purpose of the contraction of muscles in segmentation?
From which structure are lipids absorbed in the small intestine?
From which structure are lipids absorbed in the small intestine?
Which process removes undigested materials from the body?
Which process removes undigested materials from the body?
Flashcards
Ingestion
Ingestion
Entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth.
Propulsion
Propulsion
Movement of food through the digestive tract via swallowing and peristalsis.
Mechanical Digestion
Mechanical Digestion
Physical process that breaks down food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical nature, increasing surface area and mobility.
Chemical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
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Absorption
Absorption
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Defecation
Defecation
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Peristalsis
Peristalsis
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Mastication
Mastication
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Segmentation
Segmentation
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Bolus
Bolus
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Chyme
Chyme
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Study Notes
- Digestion encompasses seven key activities: ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, secretion, absorption, and defecation.
Ingestion
- Entry of food into the alimentary canal occurs through the mouth.
- Food is chewed and mixed with saliva secreted by salivary glands.
- Saliva contains enzymes that begin carbohydrate breakdown and some lipid digestion via lingual lipase.
- Chewing increases food surface area, creating an appropriately sized bolus.
Propulsion
- Food propelled into the esophagus by the tongue and pharyngeal muscles
- Swallowing is the last voluntary act until defecation.
- Propulsion is the movement of food through the digestive tract
- Includes voluntary swallowing and involuntary peristalsis.
- Peristalsis involves sequential contraction and relaxation waves of circular and longitudinal muscle layers in the alimentary canal wall.
- Peristalsis moves and mixes food with digestive juices throughout the digestive tract.
Mechanical Digestion
- Physical process that reduces food size without changing its chemical nature
- Increases surface area and mobility
- Includes chewing and tongue movements
- Continues in the stomach through churning, which further breaks down food and creates chyme (acidic “soup”).
- Segmentation occurs mainly in the small intestine
- Localized contractions mix and subdivide the contents
- Facilitates absorption by moving food back and forth in the intestinal lumen
Chemical Digestion & Secretion
- Digestive secretions with enzymes break down complex food molecules into building blocks starting in the mouth.
- Secretions contain water, enzymes, acids, and salts.
- Process completes in the small intestine.
Absorption
- Broken down food enters the bloodstream to provide nutrients to the body
- Primarily occurs in the small intestine.
- Most nutrients absorbed from the alimentary canal lumen into the bloodstream through mucosal epithelial cells.
- Lipids absorbed into lacteals, then transported to the bloodstream via lymphatic vessels.
Defecation
- Undigested materials are removed from the body as feces
- This is the final step in digestion.
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