Digestion and Emotional Health

Unless nutrients are _____ and ______ the body cannot maintain or repair itself.

Several disorders of the GI tract are tied to one's _____ and emotional state.

What are the four emotional effects of lifestyle?

The text's presentation of digestion and absorption is based on Western perspectives (Allopathic) whereby body organs are viewed as the _____

In traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda), digestive problems would be viewed as _____

In traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda), treatment would be based on _____

What is the process called when saliva moistens food and breaks down starches?

What is the enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches?

What are the three salivary glands?

What type of digestion depends on the teeth and the tongue to tear and pulverize food?

What are the other functions of the tongue besides digestion?

We have taste receptors for _____

How many taste buds do we have?

Define bolus.

What age group has the highest number of taste buds?

Toddlers have a higher degree of taste sensitivity. Therefore, ______ foods are more appealing.

Taste buds _____ with age.

Because older adults have a diminished taste sensitivity, they need to be encouraged to avoid too much ____.

What two things affect our perception and enjoyment of food?

Our _____ are dependent upon our positive or negative responses to specific foods.

The muscular tube which the food travels down from the mouth to the stomach is called the _____

The rhythmic contractions of muscles of the intestinal tract are known as _____

The processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination depend on what two things?

What are the three parts of the stomach?

Where are gastric pits located?

Where are gastric glands located?

_____ secrete gastric juice made up of mucous fluid that contains digestive enzymes.

Parietal cells secrete _____

What are the three phases of gastric secretions?

Which hormone increases the release of gastric juices when the stomach is distended by food?

During the intestinal phase, gastric secretions change as chyme passes through to the _____

What keeps chyme in the stomach?

A semi-liquid mixture of food mass is called _____

Sends a message that HCl acid is needed to continue the breakdown of chyme.

How long does it take food to move through the stomach?

Organic catalysts that are agents for chemical digestion, specific in action, work on individual classes of nutrients, and change to simpler form are known as _____

What are the six functions of the stomach?

Linked to ulcers and stomach cancer is _____

Necessary for vitamin B12 absorption is _____

_____ completes digestion, absorbs nutrients and most water.

As chyme enters the small intestine...______ begin sending messages that regulate the release of digestive juices to continue the process of chyme digestion.

As chyme enters the small intestine..._____ causes the pancreas to send HCO3 which reduces the acidity of chyme.

As chyme enters the small intestine..._____ initiates pancreatic secretions, inhibits gastric HCl secretion and activates the gallbladder to contract causing bile to be released into the duodenum.

Villi and microvilli are located in the _____

Secretes bile

Stores bile

Causes gallbladder to release bile

Bile is released to _____

Bile aids in the digestion of lipids by making more ________ available for enzymes to act on.

Site of final absorption of any available nutrients is the _____

Blind pocket that is bypassed as the mass enters the ascending colon is called _____

What are the parts of the colon?

How long is the journey of food from the mouth to the anus?

Beneficial _____ is located in the large intestine which produce some vitamins.

What additional nutrients might be absorbed by the large intestine?

The process by which substances pass from the intestine into the blood and lymph is called _____

Which organ has first choice of all available nutrients?

The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration is called _____

Movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane is known as _____

Movement of molecules by a carrier protein across the cell membrane from a region of high to low concentration is called _____

The movement of molecules and ions by means of a carrier protein (usually ATP) against fluid pressure requires energy and is called _____

Intake of small particles and droplets by the plasma membrane of a cell creates a vacuole that encompasses the substance, known as _____

The amounts of vitamins and minerals absorbed depend on the body's _____ and _____ for these nutrients.

____, _____, & _____ are easily absorbed regardless of level of need.

The expulsion of feces or body waste is called _____

Nutrients not discarded or used by cells are filtered by the kidneys and excreted as _____

With an immature GI tract, _____ are absorbed without complete digestion, resulting in an allergic response.

When the body ceases to produce lactase, this condition is known as _____

The secretion of enzymes _____ as part of the aging process.

Gallbladder disease, peptic ulcers, constipation, and diverticulosis impact _____

Age-related decrease in peristalsis and activity worsens with lifelong low _____ consumption.

A set of processes through which absorbed nutrients are used by the body for energy and to form and maintain body structures and functions is called _____

The breakdown of food components into smaller molecular particles which cause the release of energy is called _____

The process of synthesis from which substances are formed such as new bone or muscle tissue is called _____

Changes in metabolism are most noticeable _____

As we age, nutrient needs remain _____ while food energy and BMR _____

Lifestyle behaviors affect the _____ and _____ of our GI tracts and therefore influence our nutritional status.

Some common GI tract health problems are caused by _______________, but that can be changed.

Our daily schedules often determine our responses to _____

What are five common problems of digestion?

Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) is commonly known as _____

With heartburn, food with _______ backs up into the esophagus through the _____ sphincter.

Preventing constipation; waiting several hours before lying down; avoiding high-fat meals; avoiding tight clothing; avoiding eating under stress; avoiding foods like chocolate, alcohol, caffeine, and high acid foods are all ways of preventing _____

Involuntary reverse peristalsis is known as _____

Vomiting is not usually related to lifestyle behaviors with the exception of ___________

Three problems that can be caused from vomiting are:

Vomiting is a _____ against bacteria, viruses, toxins, etc.

Dehydration is a concern with vomiting. _____ and _____ are lost.

_____ are at particular risk because their bodies consist mostly of fluid.

Bacterial fermentation of certain foods such as beans, lactose intolerance, constipation, eating too fast, eating on the run, high fat foods, or other foods specific to you can all cause _____

Difficulty or discomfort associated with defecation is known as _____

Straining to pass hard, dry stools is known as _____

There is a correlation between constipation and _____

Choosing foods high in insoluble fiber, listening to body signals & following a schedule that allows time for BMs, exercising regularly, drinking enough water, relaxing, and consuming regular meals are all ways to prevent _____

The passing of loose, watery bowel movements is known as _____

With diarrhea, contents move too ______ from the large intestine to allow water to be reabsorbed.

Name four things that can cause diarrhea.

Dehydration is possible in infants with diarrhea because they cannot easily communicate their _____

Dehydration is possible in older adults with diarrhea because their ability to detect thirst may be ______, resulting in disorientation.

If diarrhea lasts more than _____, discuss it with your primary care provider.