Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of peristalsis in the esophagus?
What is the primary role of peristalsis in the esophagus?
- To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
- To produce digestive enzymes.
- To push food towards the stomach. (correct)
- To neutralize stomach acid.
How does physical digestion primarily aid chemical digestion?
How does physical digestion primarily aid chemical digestion?
- By breaking down enzymes.
- By increasing surface area. (correct)
- By neutralizing acids.
- By decreasing food volume.
What is the bolus, and where is it formed?
What is the bolus, and where is it formed?
- A concentrated digestive juice formed in the small intestine.
- A mixture of enzymes and acids formed in the stomach.
- A waste product formed in the colon.
- A ball of chewed food formed in the mouth. (correct)
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the initial chemical digestion of carbohydrates and where does this process begin?
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the initial chemical digestion of carbohydrates and where does this process begin?
How does the acidic environment of the stomach contribute to digestion?
How does the acidic environment of the stomach contribute to digestion?
What is the distinction between excretion and egestion?
What is the distinction between excretion and egestion?
Which of the following processes occurs in the small intestine?
Which of the following processes occurs in the small intestine?
What is the role of the esophagus in the digestive system?
What is the role of the esophagus in the digestive system?
Where does chemical digestion of proteins primarily begin?
Where does chemical digestion of proteins primarily begin?
Which of the following best describes the function of bile in the digestive process?
Which of the following best describes the function of bile in the digestive process?
What is the final destination of undigested material before it is eliminated from the body?
What is the final destination of undigested material before it is eliminated from the body?
What is the typical length range of the adult human digestive tract?
What is the typical length range of the adult human digestive tract?
How does the low pH in the stomach aid in digestion?
How does the low pH in the stomach aid in digestion?
Which process is responsible for the movement of food through the esophagus?
Which process is responsible for the movement of food through the esophagus?
Where does the digestion of fats primarily occur?
Where does the digestion of fats primarily occur?
What is the function of salivary amylase?
What is the function of salivary amylase?
A patient has a condition that impairs the production of bile. What digestive process will be most affected?
A patient has a condition that impairs the production of bile. What digestive process will be most affected?
After a surgery, a patient's small intestine is significantly shortened. Which of the following is the most likely complication this patient will experience?
After a surgery, a patient's small intestine is significantly shortened. Which of the following is the most likely complication this patient will experience?
Which of the following sequences accurately represents the order in which food passes through the alimentary canal?
Which of the following sequences accurately represents the order in which food passes through the alimentary canal?
Flashcards
What is egesting?
What is egesting?
The removal of food waste from the body.
What is excretion?
What is excretion?
Metabolic wastes expelled from plants and animals.
How long is the digestive tract?
How long is the digestive tract?
Human digestive tract length.
Where does physical digestion begin?
Where does physical digestion begin?
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What is a bolus?
What is a bolus?
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Where does chemical digestion begin?
Where does chemical digestion begin?
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What enzyme starts carbohydrate digestion?
What enzyme starts carbohydrate digestion?
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What is the esophagus?
What is the esophagus?
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What is peristalsis?
What is peristalsis?
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What is the stomach's pH?
What is the stomach's pH?
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Why is the stomach acidic?
Why is the stomach acidic?
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What enzyme digests protein in the stomach?
What enzyme digests protein in the stomach?
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Where does further food breakdown occur?
Where does further food breakdown occur?
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What aids in digestion in the small intestine?
What aids in digestion in the small intestine?
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How are smaller molecules absorbed into the bloodstream?
How are smaller molecules absorbed into the bloodstream?
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Where is water absorbed from waste?
Where is water absorbed from waste?
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What is drier waste material compacted into?
What is drier waste material compacted into?
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Where is feces stored?
Where is feces stored?
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Where is waste material excreted?
Where is waste material excreted?
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Study Notes
- Egesting is the removal of food waste from the body.
- Excretion and egestion differ based on the type of wastes excreted by an organism.
- Undigested food is expelled in animals during egestion.
- Excretion expels metabolic wastes in plants and animals.
- The human digestive tract is 6.5 to 9 meters long.
- The digestive tract stores and breaks down organic molecules.
- Physical (mechanical) digestion starts in the mouth.
- Food is chewed and formed into a bolus (Greek for "ball") by the tongue.
- Physical digestion increases the surface area for chemical digestion by breaking food into smaller pieces.
- Chemical digestion of carbohydrates (starch) starts in the oral cavity.
- Salivary amylase, also known as ptyalin, is the enzyme that begins carbohydrate digestion.
- Swallowed food enters the esophagus, a tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.
- Peristalsis, wave-like smooth muscle contractions, pushes food toward the stomach.
- Stomach contents are very acidic, with a pH between 1.5 and 2.5.
- This acidity kills microorganisms, breaks down food tissues, and activates digestive enzymes.
- Pepsin starts the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach.
- Further food breakdown occurs in the small intestine.
- Bile from the liver and enzymes from the small intestine and pancreas continue digestion in the small intestine.
- Smaller molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream through the epithelial cells lining the walls of the small intestine.
- Waste travels to the large intestine where water is absorbed.
- Drier waste material is compacted into feces.
- Feces is stored in the rectum until excreted through the anus.
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