Diffusion and Dilution
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Questions and Answers

What is the net movement of one type of molecule through space as a result of random motion to minimize a concentration gradient?

  • Osmosis
  • Fick’s Law
  • Brownian Motion (correct)
  • Osmotic Pressure

What does Graham’s Law state about the rate of diffusion of a gas?

  • It is directly proportional to the square root of the molecular weight
  • It is inversely proportional to the molecular weight
  • It is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight (correct)
  • It is directly proportional to the molecular weight

What happens to the diffusion constant (D) with increasing molecular mass?

  • It remains constant
  • It becomes zero
  • It increases
  • It decreases (correct)

$Fick’s Law$ explains diffusion as $DIFFUSION = DP \times (area /thickness ) \times (solubility \times molecular weight)$, what does 'DP' represent in this equation?

<p>$Diffusion constant$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does increasing temperature do to the diffusion constant (D)?

<p>It increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Graham’s Law state about the rate of diffusion of a gas and its molecular weight?

<p>They are inversely proportional (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is driven by the inherent kinetic energy of molecules?

<p>Brownian Motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Fick’s Law of diffusion, membrane thickness is ______ proportional to the rate of diffusion.

<p>inversely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the diffusion of non-gases across membranes by exerting pressure to stop osmosis?

<p>Osmotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves molecules of a solvent passing through a semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration?

<p>Osmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between osmolarity and osmolality?

<p>They measure the same thing using different units (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Avogadro’s Hypothesis, how does one mole of solute in molar volume exert pressure at 0 degrees C?

<p>$1 atmP$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to overpressurizing and increasing the rate of diffusion according to Fick’s Law?

<p>Concentration gradient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario will N2O rapidly diffuse into closed spaces containing 'air'?

<p>Pneumothorax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect applies to coadministration of volatile anesthetic with N2O, resulting in rapid uptake of N2O from alveolus into bloodstream?

<p>Second-Gas Effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological role of plasma proteins in capillaries according to the text?

<p>Hold fluid in despite a semipermeable membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Osmotic Gap indicate when it is normally 15?

<p>Large presence of foreign solute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diffusion and Osmosis

  • Diffusion is the net movement of one type of molecule through space as a result of random motion to minimize a concentration gradient.
  • Graham's Law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass.

Fick's Law of Diffusion

  • Fick's Law explains diffusion as the product of the diffusion constant (D), permeability, area, and solubility, divided by thickness.
  • In Fick's Law, 'DP' represents the diffusion coefficient multiplied by permeability.
  • The diffusion constant (D) increases with increasing temperature.

Factors Affecting Diffusion

  • Increasing molecular mass decreases the diffusion constant (D).
  • Increasing temperature increases the diffusion constant (D).
  • Membrane thickness is inversely proportional to the rate of diffusion.

Osmosis and Osmolality

  • Osmosis is the process of molecules of a solvent passing through a semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration.
  • Osmolality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, while osmolarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
  • The osmotic gap is normally 15 and indicates the difference between measured osmolality and calculated osmolality.

Avogadro's Hypothesis

  • According to Avogadro's Hypothesis, one mole of solute in molar volume exerts a pressure of 22.4 atm at 0°C.

Other Key Facts

  • The rate of diffusion is driven by the inherent kinetic energy of molecules.
  • Pressure affects the diffusion of non-gases across membranes by stopping osmosis.
  • Coadministration of volatile anesthetic with N2O results in rapid uptake of N2O from the alveolus into the bloodstream.
  • The physiological role of plasma proteins in capillaries is to contribute to the oncotic pressure.
  • N2O rapidly diffuses into closed spaces containing 'air'.

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Test your knowledge on diffusion and dilution with this quiz, covering topics like Graham’s Law, osmosis, osmotic pressure, and Fick’s Law.

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