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What is the net movement of one type of molecule through space as a result of random motion to minimize a concentration gradient?
What is the net movement of one type of molecule through space as a result of random motion to minimize a concentration gradient?
What does Graham’s Law state about the rate of diffusion of a gas?
What does Graham’s Law state about the rate of diffusion of a gas?
What happens to the diffusion constant (D) with increasing molecular mass?
What happens to the diffusion constant (D) with increasing molecular mass?
$Fick’s Law$ explains diffusion as $DIFFUSION = DP \times (area /thickness ) \times (solubility \times molecular weight)$, what does 'DP' represent in this equation?
$Fick’s Law$ explains diffusion as $DIFFUSION = DP \times (area /thickness ) \times (solubility \times molecular weight)$, what does 'DP' represent in this equation?
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What does increasing temperature do to the diffusion constant (D)?
What does increasing temperature do to the diffusion constant (D)?
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What does Graham’s Law state about the rate of diffusion of a gas and its molecular weight?
What does Graham’s Law state about the rate of diffusion of a gas and its molecular weight?
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What is driven by the inherent kinetic energy of molecules?
What is driven by the inherent kinetic energy of molecules?
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According to Fick’s Law of diffusion, membrane thickness is ______ proportional to the rate of diffusion.
According to Fick’s Law of diffusion, membrane thickness is ______ proportional to the rate of diffusion.
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Which factor affects the diffusion of non-gases across membranes by exerting pressure to stop osmosis?
Which factor affects the diffusion of non-gases across membranes by exerting pressure to stop osmosis?
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What process involves molecules of a solvent passing through a semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration?
What process involves molecules of a solvent passing through a semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration?
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What is the relationship between osmolarity and osmolality?
What is the relationship between osmolarity and osmolality?
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According to Avogadro’s Hypothesis, how does one mole of solute in molar volume exert pressure at 0 degrees C?
According to Avogadro’s Hypothesis, how does one mole of solute in molar volume exert pressure at 0 degrees C?
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What factor contributes to overpressurizing and increasing the rate of diffusion according to Fick’s Law?
What factor contributes to overpressurizing and increasing the rate of diffusion according to Fick’s Law?
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In which scenario will N2O rapidly diffuse into closed spaces containing 'air'?
In which scenario will N2O rapidly diffuse into closed spaces containing 'air'?
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What effect applies to coadministration of volatile anesthetic with N2O, resulting in rapid uptake of N2O from alveolus into bloodstream?
What effect applies to coadministration of volatile anesthetic with N2O, resulting in rapid uptake of N2O from alveolus into bloodstream?
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What is the physiological role of plasma proteins in capillaries according to the text?
What is the physiological role of plasma proteins in capillaries according to the text?
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What does the Osmotic Gap indicate when it is normally 15?
What does the Osmotic Gap indicate when it is normally 15?
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Study Notes
Diffusion and Osmosis
- Diffusion is the net movement of one type of molecule through space as a result of random motion to minimize a concentration gradient.
- Graham's Law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass.
Fick's Law of Diffusion
- Fick's Law explains diffusion as the product of the diffusion constant (D), permeability, area, and solubility, divided by thickness.
- In Fick's Law, 'DP' represents the diffusion coefficient multiplied by permeability.
- The diffusion constant (D) increases with increasing temperature.
Factors Affecting Diffusion
- Increasing molecular mass decreases the diffusion constant (D).
- Increasing temperature increases the diffusion constant (D).
- Membrane thickness is inversely proportional to the rate of diffusion.
Osmosis and Osmolality
- Osmosis is the process of molecules of a solvent passing through a semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration.
- Osmolality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, while osmolarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
- The osmotic gap is normally 15 and indicates the difference between measured osmolality and calculated osmolality.
Avogadro's Hypothesis
- According to Avogadro's Hypothesis, one mole of solute in molar volume exerts a pressure of 22.4 atm at 0°C.
Other Key Facts
- The rate of diffusion is driven by the inherent kinetic energy of molecules.
- Pressure affects the diffusion of non-gases across membranes by stopping osmosis.
- Coadministration of volatile anesthetic with N2O results in rapid uptake of N2O from the alveolus into the bloodstream.
- The physiological role of plasma proteins in capillaries is to contribute to the oncotic pressure.
- N2O rapidly diffuses into closed spaces containing 'air'.
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Description
Test your knowledge on diffusion and dilution with this quiz, covering topics like Graham’s Law, osmosis, osmotic pressure, and Fick’s Law.
