30 Questions
What is the main reason for the perplexity surrounding personalities?
The socially constructed nature of most personality traits
Which group of theories reflects the goal of understanding people and emphasizing free will?
Psychodynamic and Psychoanalytic Theories
What is a key factor in determining the best theory among personality theories?
Subjective opinion and situational context
Which of the following components of theories cannot be tested or proven?
Assumptions (Premises)
Which criterion for evaluating theories focuses on whether they can be tested and potentially disproven?
Is it theoretically falsifiable?
Which of these is NOT a criterion for evaluating theories discussed in the text?
Weighing the popularity of the theory
What is a key difference between nightmares and night terrors?
Nightmares are more common in adults.
Why is it difficult to recall dreams we have while asleep?
People are generally unmotivated to remember dreams.
What can help in remembering dreams according to the text?
Consistent practice of dream recall techniques can improve memory of dreams.
What is the view of psychotherapists on dream meanings?
Psychotherapists find dream meanings highly significant.
If someone asked you how to interpret dreams, what advice would you give based on the text?
Advise paying attention to dreams, using emotions as a guide for interpretation.
Why is it perplexing that we even have personalities based on the text?
The variability and complexity of personalities raise questions about their existence.
What is one piece of evidence supporting the existence of a dynamic unconscious, as described in the text?
Repression as a stress mechanism to forget something stressful.
Which system involves fast, non-verbal information processing outside of consciousness?
System 1
What is the main purpose of defense mechanisms, as mentioned in the text?
To reduce anxiety through unconscious strategies
In what way does System 2 differ from System 1 in the Dual Processing Theory?
System 2 is conscious, deliberate, and slower.
What role does self-agency play in determining free will?
Self-agency establishes free will.
How does the Dual Processing Theory help explain trauma and childhood memories?
By describing various ways the brain handles situations
What is a primary difference between the biomedical model and the biopsychosocial model?
The relationship between causes and treatments
Which problem with the biomedical model is NOT addressed by the biopsychosocial model?
Physicians are at the core of the medical community
In what way does the biopsychosocial model challenge the traditional view of causality in medicine?
By accepting that causality is not tidy or linear
Why is inferring causes from treatment effectiveness considered a logical error?
Because causes can be multifaceted and not directly related to treatments
Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between physical factors and psychological well-being?
Physical factors affecting psychological well-being can be intricate and interconnected
What is a key aspect of the biopsychosocial model that has not been well integrated into our health system?
The acceptance of multiple factors influencing health outcomes
Why do we need to be cautious in interpreting the data that is cited as evidence for psychological problems being at the root physical disease?
The data may be correlational and not imply causation.
Which of the following is NOT a relative difference between physical disease and psychological problems?
Longer duration in psychological problems
Which statement best describes the relationship between the biopsychosocial model and the distinction between physical disease and psychological problems?
The biopsychosocial model integrates physical, psychological, and social factors but still acknowledges differences between them.
What distinguishes necessary causes from sufficient causes in the context of psychological problems?
Necessary causes must always occur for an effect to happen; sufficient causes increase the likelihood of an effect but are not required.
Which of the following causes are necessary for at least one type of psychological problem?
Genetics
Which type of cause(s) are considered sufficient for causing psychological problems?
Environmental stressors
Explore the distinctions between nightmares and night terrors, where nightmares are remembered and night terrors involve an elevated heart rate and no memory upon waking. Learn why night terrors are more common in adults. Additionally, grasp the difficulty in recalling thoughts and dreams during sleep, especially in relation to the Non-REM/REM sleep cycle.
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