40 Questions
Which of the following antibiotics disrupts protein production by inhibiting the formation of the complex required to translate mRNA into protein?
Linezolid
What is a key consideration when choosing an appropriate antibacterial for treatment?
Side effects
Which type of bacteria are penicillins mostly effective against?
Gram-positive organisms
Why might some antibiotics be limited in their use?
Bacterial resistance
What is a characteristic feature of oxazolidinones like linezolid?
Protein production disruption
In what way do macrolides primarily act against bacteria?
Disruption of ribosome function
Which antibiotic group includes methicillin and oxacillin?
'Beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins'
'Stronger' antibiotics might be limited in use due to:
'Stronger' cost concerns
What was responsible for a significant increase in life expectancy in human history?
Antibacterials
Which category of medications specifically targets bacteria?
Antibiotics
What type of diseases did the introduction of antibacterial drugs shift the focus from?
Infectious diseases
What effect did the use of antibacterial drugs have on the proportion of elderly populations in developed countries?
Doubled it
What led to the discontinuation of many early antibacterial agents in modern times?
Antibacterial resistance
Which drug completely replaced nalidixic acid for treating urinary tract infections?
Ciprofloxacin
When was penicillin discovered?
1928
What prompted the development of new, stronger antibacterial agents?
'Resistance' to antibacterials by pathogens
What is the main difference between Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)?
MIC determines bacterial growth inhibition, while MBC determines bacterial cell death.
Why is the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) rarely used in practice?
It has little clinical value compared to MIC.
In what scenario would a bacteriostatic antibacterial be as effective as a bactericidal agent?
When the bacterial growth and replication are halted.
Why is methicillin with S aureus commonly tested using MIC testing?
To determine if MRSA or MSSA is present.
How does the effectiveness of an antibacterial agent change as the MIC approaches the MBC?
It is considered more bactericidal.
What do bactericidal antibacterials primarily do?
Kill bacteria as their main action.
Why is a swab of infected material sent for analysis in hospitals or clinics?
To identify the type of bacteria causing the infection.
'Many of the antibacterials listed in Table 1 are bacteriostatic.' What does this imply about the listed antibacterials?
They inhibit bacterial growth.
What is the main consideration for initiating empirical treatment?
Local surveillance data
How do variations in infection rates influence initial diagnosis?
By tailoring treatment based on known resistance rates
Why is knowledge of disease epidemiology important for empiric treatments?
To consider the occurrence of sentinel pathogen(s)
What plays a significant role in tailoring treatment based on known resistance rates?
Patient's medical history
In what situation might a patient present a higher concern for a resistant organism?
The patient is an intravenous drug user
Why do many hospitals and health departments track the development of resistant strains?
To monitor public health impact
What would be the likely causal organism for a thigh abscess in an intravenous drug user?
MRSA
Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains are an example of what type of newsworthy event?
Highly resistant organisms
Why is it important to check the methicillin MIC for hospitalized patients with S aureus infections?
To determine if the infection is MRSA and requires different treatment
Why is empiric treatment sometimes initiated before knowing the culprit organism?
To start treatment promptly when immediate care is crucial
What is meant by 'empiric treatment' in the context of bacterial infections?
Administering antibiotics without knowledge of the exact pathogen causing the infection
Why is it challenging to make the right choice in empiric treatments?
Owing to the need for understanding local resistance rates and disease processes
When would de-escalation of treatments be considered appropriate?
Once cultures confirm the specific infecting organism and its susceptibility
What is the significance of having different agents for MRSA compared to MSSA?
MRSA strains are resistant to methicillin, requiring different treatment options
What consequences can arise from not properly covering patients in empiric treatments?
Patients may receive inadequate treatment for their infection
'In some cases, minutes really do matter.' Which medical condition exemplifies this statement?
Sepsis
Explore the distinction between Minimum Bacteriostatic Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in antibacterial studies. Understand how these concentrations determine the bactericidal or bacteriostatic nature of antibiotics.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
