Difference Between Minimum Bacteriostatic Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following antibiotics disrupts protein production by inhibiting the formation of the complex required to translate mRNA into protein?

  • Aminopenicillins
  • Penicillins
  • Macrolides
  • Linezolid (correct)
  • What is a key consideration when choosing an appropriate antibacterial for treatment?

  • Mode of action
  • Side effects (correct)
  • Cost only
  • Type of bacteria
  • Which type of bacteria are penicillins mostly effective against?

  • Gram-negative organisms
  • Multi-drug resistant bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Gram-positive organisms (correct)
  • Why might some antibiotics be limited in their use?

    <p>Bacterial resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of oxazolidinones like linezolid?

    <p>Protein production disruption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do macrolides primarily act against bacteria?

    <p>Disruption of ribosome function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic group includes methicillin and oxacillin?

    <p>'Beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stronger' antibiotics might be limited in use due to:

    <p>'Stronger' cost concerns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was responsible for a significant increase in life expectancy in human history?

    <p>Antibacterials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of medications specifically targets bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diseases did the introduction of antibacterial drugs shift the focus from?

    <p>Infectious diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did the use of antibacterial drugs have on the proportion of elderly populations in developed countries?

    <p>Doubled it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the discontinuation of many early antibacterial agents in modern times?

    <p>Antibacterial resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug completely replaced nalidixic acid for treating urinary tract infections?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was penicillin discovered?

    <p>1928 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted the development of new, stronger antibacterial agents?

    <p>'Resistance' to antibacterials by pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)?

    <p>MIC determines bacterial growth inhibition, while MBC determines bacterial cell death. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) rarely used in practice?

    <p>It has little clinical value compared to MIC. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would a bacteriostatic antibacterial be as effective as a bactericidal agent?

    <p>When the bacterial growth and replication are halted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is methicillin with S aureus commonly tested using MIC testing?

    <p>To determine if MRSA or MSSA is present. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the effectiveness of an antibacterial agent change as the MIC approaches the MBC?

    <p>It is considered more bactericidal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bactericidal antibacterials primarily do?

    <p>Kill bacteria as their main action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a swab of infected material sent for analysis in hospitals or clinics?

    <p>To identify the type of bacteria causing the infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Many of the antibacterials listed in Table 1 are bacteriostatic.' What does this imply about the listed antibacterials?

    <p>They inhibit bacterial growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration for initiating empirical treatment?

    <p>Local surveillance data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do variations in infection rates influence initial diagnosis?

    <p>By tailoring treatment based on known resistance rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is knowledge of disease epidemiology important for empiric treatments?

    <p>To consider the occurrence of sentinel pathogen(s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role in tailoring treatment based on known resistance rates?

    <p>Patient's medical history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might a patient present a higher concern for a resistant organism?

    <p>The patient is an intravenous drug user (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do many hospitals and health departments track the development of resistant strains?

    <p>To monitor public health impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the likely causal organism for a thigh abscess in an intravenous drug user?

    <p><strong>MRSA</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains are an example of what type of newsworthy event?

    <p>Highly resistant organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to check the methicillin MIC for hospitalized patients with S aureus infections?

    <p>To determine if the infection is MRSA and requires different treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is empiric treatment sometimes initiated before knowing the culprit organism?

    <p>To start treatment promptly when immediate care is crucial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'empiric treatment' in the context of bacterial infections?

    <p>Administering antibiotics without knowledge of the exact pathogen causing the infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to make the right choice in empiric treatments?

    <p>Owing to the need for understanding local resistance rates and disease processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would de-escalation of treatments be considered appropriate?

    <p>Once cultures confirm the specific infecting organism and its susceptibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having different agents for MRSA compared to MSSA?

    <p>MRSA strains are resistant to methicillin, requiring different treatment options (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequences can arise from not properly covering patients in empiric treatments?

    <p>Patients may receive inadequate treatment for their infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'In some cases, minutes really do matter.' Which medical condition exemplifies this statement?

    <p><strong>Sepsis</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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