Difference Between Minimum Bacteriostatic Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

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Which of the following antibiotics disrupts protein production by inhibiting the formation of the complex required to translate mRNA into protein?

Aminopenicillins

Penicillins

Macrolides

Linezolid (correct)

What is a key consideration when choosing an appropriate antibacterial for treatment?

Mode of action

Side effects (correct)

Cost only

Type of bacteria

Which type of bacteria are penicillins mostly effective against?

Gram-negative organisms

Multi-drug resistant bacteria

Fungi

Gram-positive organisms (correct)

Why might some antibiotics be limited in their use?

Bacterial resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of oxazolidinones like linezolid?

Protein production disruption Signup and view all the answers

In what way do macrolides primarily act against bacteria?

Disruption of ribosome function Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic group includes methicillin and oxacillin?

'Beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins' Signup and view all the answers

'Stronger' antibiotics might be limited in use due to:

'Stronger' cost concerns Signup and view all the answers

What was responsible for a significant increase in life expectancy in human history?

Antibacterials Signup and view all the answers

Which category of medications specifically targets bacteria?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases did the introduction of antibacterial drugs shift the focus from?

Infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the use of antibacterial drugs have on the proportion of elderly populations in developed countries?

Doubled it Signup and view all the answers

What led to the discontinuation of many early antibacterial agents in modern times?

Antibacterial resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which drug completely replaced nalidixic acid for treating urinary tract infections?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

When was penicillin discovered?

1928 Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the development of new, stronger antibacterial agents?

'Resistance' to antibacterials by pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)?

MIC determines bacterial growth inhibition, while MBC determines bacterial cell death. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) rarely used in practice?

It has little clinical value compared to MIC. Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would a bacteriostatic antibacterial be as effective as a bactericidal agent?

When the bacterial growth and replication are halted. Signup and view all the answers

Why is methicillin with S aureus commonly tested using MIC testing?

To determine if MRSA or MSSA is present. Signup and view all the answers

How does the effectiveness of an antibacterial agent change as the MIC approaches the MBC?

It is considered more bactericidal. Signup and view all the answers

What do bactericidal antibacterials primarily do?

Kill bacteria as their main action. Signup and view all the answers

Why is a swab of infected material sent for analysis in hospitals or clinics?

To identify the type of bacteria causing the infection. Signup and view all the answers

'Many of the antibacterials listed in Table 1 are bacteriostatic.' What does this imply about the listed antibacterials?

They inhibit bacterial growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consideration for initiating empirical treatment?

Local surveillance data Signup and view all the answers

How do variations in infection rates influence initial diagnosis?

By tailoring treatment based on known resistance rates Signup and view all the answers

Why is knowledge of disease epidemiology important for empiric treatments?

To consider the occurrence of sentinel pathogen(s) Signup and view all the answers

What plays a significant role in tailoring treatment based on known resistance rates?

Patient's medical history Signup and view all the answers

In what situation might a patient present a higher concern for a resistant organism?

The patient is an intravenous drug user Signup and view all the answers

Why do many hospitals and health departments track the development of resistant strains?

To monitor public health impact Signup and view all the answers

What would be the likely causal organism for a thigh abscess in an intravenous drug user?

MRSA Signup and view all the answers

Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains are an example of what type of newsworthy event?

Highly resistant organisms Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to check the methicillin MIC for hospitalized patients with S aureus infections?

To determine if the infection is MRSA and requires different treatment Signup and view all the answers

Why is empiric treatment sometimes initiated before knowing the culprit organism?

To start treatment promptly when immediate care is crucial Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'empiric treatment' in the context of bacterial infections?

Administering antibiotics without knowledge of the exact pathogen causing the infection Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging to make the right choice in empiric treatments?

Owing to the need for understanding local resistance rates and disease processes Signup and view all the answers

When would de-escalation of treatments be considered appropriate?

Once cultures confirm the specific infecting organism and its susceptibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having different agents for MRSA compared to MSSA?

MRSA strains are resistant to methicillin, requiring different treatment options Signup and view all the answers

What consequences can arise from not properly covering patients in empiric treatments?

Patients may receive inadequate treatment for their infection Signup and view all the answers

'In some cases, minutes really do matter.' Which medical condition exemplifies this statement?

Sepsis Signup and view all the answers