Difference Between Minimum Bacteriostatic Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following antibiotics disrupts protein production by inhibiting the formation of the complex required to translate mRNA into protein?

  • Aminopenicillins
  • Penicillins
  • Macrolides
  • Linezolid (correct)

What is a key consideration when choosing an appropriate antibacterial for treatment?

  • Mode of action
  • Side effects (correct)
  • Cost only
  • Type of bacteria

Which type of bacteria are penicillins mostly effective against?

  • Gram-negative organisms
  • Multi-drug resistant bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Gram-positive organisms (correct)

Why might some antibiotics be limited in their use?

<p>Bacterial resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of oxazolidinones like linezolid?

<p>Protein production disruption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do macrolides primarily act against bacteria?

<p>Disruption of ribosome function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic group includes methicillin and oxacillin?

<p>'Beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Stronger' antibiotics might be limited in use due to:

<p>'Stronger' cost concerns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was responsible for a significant increase in life expectancy in human history?

<p>Antibacterials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of medications specifically targets bacteria?

<p>Antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases did the introduction of antibacterial drugs shift the focus from?

<p>Infectious diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the use of antibacterial drugs have on the proportion of elderly populations in developed countries?

<p>Doubled it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the discontinuation of many early antibacterial agents in modern times?

<p>Antibacterial resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug completely replaced nalidixic acid for treating urinary tract infections?

<p>Ciprofloxacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was penicillin discovered?

<p>1928 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the development of new, stronger antibacterial agents?

<p>'Resistance' to antibacterials by pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)?

<p>MIC determines bacterial growth inhibition, while MBC determines bacterial cell death. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) rarely used in practice?

<p>It has little clinical value compared to MIC. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would a bacteriostatic antibacterial be as effective as a bactericidal agent?

<p>When the bacterial growth and replication are halted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is methicillin with S aureus commonly tested using MIC testing?

<p>To determine if MRSA or MSSA is present. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the effectiveness of an antibacterial agent change as the MIC approaches the MBC?

<p>It is considered more bactericidal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do bactericidal antibacterials primarily do?

<p>Kill bacteria as their main action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a swab of infected material sent for analysis in hospitals or clinics?

<p>To identify the type of bacteria causing the infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Many of the antibacterials listed in Table 1 are bacteriostatic.' What does this imply about the listed antibacterials?

<p>They inhibit bacterial growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consideration for initiating empirical treatment?

<p>Local surveillance data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do variations in infection rates influence initial diagnosis?

<p>By tailoring treatment based on known resistance rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is knowledge of disease epidemiology important for empiric treatments?

<p>To consider the occurrence of sentinel pathogen(s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a significant role in tailoring treatment based on known resistance rates?

<p>Patient's medical history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation might a patient present a higher concern for a resistant organism?

<p>The patient is an intravenous drug user (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many hospitals and health departments track the development of resistant strains?

<p>To monitor public health impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the likely causal organism for a thigh abscess in an intravenous drug user?

<p><strong>MRSA</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains are an example of what type of newsworthy event?

<p>Highly resistant organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to check the methicillin MIC for hospitalized patients with S aureus infections?

<p>To determine if the infection is MRSA and requires different treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is empiric treatment sometimes initiated before knowing the culprit organism?

<p>To start treatment promptly when immediate care is crucial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'empiric treatment' in the context of bacterial infections?

<p>Administering antibiotics without knowledge of the exact pathogen causing the infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging to make the right choice in empiric treatments?

<p>Owing to the need for understanding local resistance rates and disease processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would de-escalation of treatments be considered appropriate?

<p>Once cultures confirm the specific infecting organism and its susceptibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having different agents for MRSA compared to MSSA?

<p>MRSA strains are resistant to methicillin, requiring different treatment options (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequences can arise from not properly covering patients in empiric treatments?

<p>Patients may receive inadequate treatment for their infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'In some cases, minutes really do matter.' Which medical condition exemplifies this statement?

<p><strong>Sepsis</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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