Dieta Low FODMAP e Disturbi Funzionali

A diet restricted in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs), used to manage symptoms of certain digestive disorders, including IBS, endometriosis, and celiac disease.

Digestive issues without detectable structural abnormalities, often characterized by chronic symptoms. Examples include IBS but extend beyond, to include esophageal and gastroduodenal concerns.

A model emphasizing that health and illness are influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors, not just a simple cause and effect.

A common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, often accompanied by changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation).

Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months to be classified as a functional GI disorder.

A feeling of fullness or bloating, often associated with an increase in the abdomen's circumference.

Functional disorders occur without structural damage, in contrast to those in which structural damage is visually apparent.

Gastrointestinal concerns are not always separate; they can overlap, with symptoms sometimes presenting as one issue and eventually changing to another.

The complex two-way communication system between the nervous system and the gut microbiome, including the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and the enteric nervous system.

The gut microbiota plays a role in the development of the enteric nervous system, as demonstrated by germ-free animal models.

Byproducts of fiber fermentation by gut bacteria, important for enterocytes (intestinal cells) and gut-brain communication.

An altered response to normal stimuli in the gut, perceived as pain or discomfort.

A common disorder characterized by abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, and other symptoms.

Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, which can cause bloating and gas in some individuals, and trigger pain in those with IBS.

The process of movement of things (like bacteria, or symptoms).

A procedure where healthy gut bacteria from a donor is transplanted to a recipient to potentially alter gut microbiome composition and treat certain conditions.

Consumption of high amounts of fructose can lead to digestive problems in some individuals.

Fermentable carbohydrates that may cause digestive issues in some individuals, and are especially problematic for those with IBS.

The length of the fructose chain in FODMAPs impacts their effect on the digestive system. Longer chains have less impact, while shorter ones cause more issues.

Many fruits, vegetables, and grains contain FODMAPs, and these can be problematic for some individuals with digestive concerns.

Foods often labelled as free of gluten can still contain high-fructose sources and FODMAPs.

Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) might experience worsened digestive issues when consuming high amounts of FODMAPs.

Digestive distress, and is not unique to specific individuals, but more common in those with IBS or other predispositions.

High fructose or fructan intake in athletes can cause gastrointestinal problems, especially during higher intensity training, with certain fructans producing more digestive distress than others.

Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides and Polyols, short-chain carbohydrates that some people have trouble digesting.

Initial phase of low FODMAP diet, completely removing high FODMAP foods to reduce symptoms.

Methods (like HPLC) used to measure levels of different FODMAPs in foods.

Specific amount of a FODMAP that triggers symptoms in a particular person.

Gradual reintroduction of FODMAPs to discover personal tolerance levels.

Recommended maximum amount of FODMAPs per meal, depending on the specific FODMAP and individual tolerance.

A type of FODMAP found in many foods, especially grains and legumes.

Important to slowly add back fodmaps to understand what triggers a response.

Certain types of carbohydrates, called FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides and Polyols), can cause digestive issues when consumed in excess. Some processed food might include high levels of FODMAPs, which can trigger symptoms.

Food processing methods can significantly affect the FODMAP content of foods. Processing techniques can alter the amount of fermentable sugars in foods, impacting their overall FODMAP load.

Different types of tofu can have varying FODMAP levels. Pressing tofu can remove water, reducing its FODMAP content.

Techniques like soaking, cooking, and removing the liquid from foods can reduce the FODMAP content.

Thorough patient history for IBS includes symptom characterization (e.g. diarrhea vs constipation), lifestyle factors, and family history to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) can present in different subtypes, including constipation-predominant, diarrhea-predominant, or mixed types.

Helps to characterize stool consistency in order to assess bowel habits and correlate them with the patient's symptoms to discern potential IBS.

Gathering information about dietary habits, lifestyle, and family history is critical for effective care of a patient with IBS.

Seeking professional medical advice from a gastroenterologist for digestive issues.

There's a correlation between fiber intake and IBS, but conflicting information exists about the direct relationship, both high and low intake are potential issues..

Many high FODMAP foods are also high in fiber, creating a complex relationship between diet and digestive health.

Probiotics often contain prebiotics; this combination can sometimes cause issues for patients.

A detailed record of food and drink consumption over several days, used to identify potential triggers for digestive symptoms.

Proper hydration is essential for digestive health; dehydration can worsen constipation.

Stress and emotional factors can contribute to and worsen digestive problems. Recognizing stress helps management.

Certain medications (e.g., anti-inflammatories) can impact digestion, sometimes leading to constipation. Adjustments may be necessary.