Dieta Low FODMAP e Disturbi Funzionali
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Questions and Answers

Qual è la caratteristica distintiva dell'IBS?

  • Un gonfiore addominale ogni volta che si mangia
  • Dolore addominale almeno 1 volta a settimana (correct)
  • Assenza totale di sintomi per almeno 6 mesi
  • Difficoltà respiratorie durante i pasti

Quali sono le condizioni correlate alla dieta low FODMAP?

  • Sindrome del colon irritabile e diabete
  • Solo sindrome dell'intestino irritabile
  • Endometriosi e celiachia (correct)
  • Fibromialgia e depressione

Qual è uno dei fattori che possono influenzare i problemi intestinali secondo il modello bio-psico-sociale?

  • Stile di vita e supporto sociale (correct)
  • Lunghezza dell'intestino
  • Predisposizione genetica
  • Solo fattori biologici

Cosa caratterizza i disturbi gastrointestinali funzionali?

<p>Cronicità dei sintomi per almeno 6 mesi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale dei seguenti disturbi può non essere considerato un disturbo intestinale?

<p>Sindrome delle apnee notturne (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In che modo i problemi intestinali possono influenzare l'aspetto psicologico di un individuo?

<p>Facendo vivere il paziente in ansia e incertezza (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale tipo di disturbo non si identifica come IBS?

<p>Infezioni virali (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è la distinzione tra gonfiore e distensione addominale?

<p>La distensione è un aumento permanente della circonferenza addominale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Perché è importante prestare attenzione all'assunzione di fruttosio negli atleti di endurance?

<p>Può causare problematiche gastrointestinali se in eccesso. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale affermazione è vera riguardo ai fruttani e alla loro digestione?

<p>Alcuni soggetti possono malassorbire fruttani a causa dell'assenza di un enzima. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è il problema principale causato dall'eccesso di glucosio nell'organismo?

<p>Rallenta l'assorbimento e può causare fermentazione nel colon. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa implica una maggior lunghezza della catena di fruttani?

<p>Minore effetto osmotico e fermentazione. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è il cut-off per i fruttani derivanti dal grano?

<p>0,3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa potrebbero causare gli alimenti ricchi di glutine in soggetti sensibili?

<p>Sintomi legati ai fruttani e alterazioni della permeabilità intestinale. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Per quale motivo è difficile identificare gli alimenti che contengono fruttani?

<p>Sia gli alimenti freschi che quelli confezionati possono contenerli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Perché potrebbe esserci confusione tra intolleranza al glutine e sensibilità ai fruttani?

<p>Entrambi possono causare sintomi gastrointestinali simili. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale delle seguenti affermazioni sul microbiota intestinale è corretta?

<p>Gli acidi grassi a catena corta sono importanti per la salute degli enterociti. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa può causare la sindrome dell'intestino irritabile (IBS)?

<p>Alterazioni del transito intestinale e ipersensibilità viscerale. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Che cosa si intende per iperalgesia?

<p>Una reazione esagerata a stimoli che normalmente non causano dolore. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è il ruolo del ritmo sonno-veglia nel contesto intestinale?

<p>Regola il transito intestinale influenzando i ritmi circadiani. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Che cos'è l'allodinia?

<p>Una risposta dolorosa a uno stimolo non doloroso. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cosa consiste l'ipersensibilità viscerale presente nei pazienti con IBS?

<p>Una risposta alterata a stimoli che normalmente non dovrebbero causare dolore. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale affermazione riguardo alla differenza tra microbiota fecale e microbiota luminale è corretta?

<p>Esistono differenze significative nella composizione tra i due. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è uno degli effetti dello stress sull'attività colica?

<p>Può portare a un aumento dell'attività colica e all'infiammazione. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale enzima è responsabile per la digestione dei galattooligosaccaridi nei legumi?

<p>Alfa galattosidasi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Perché è importante non mantenere il paziente troppo a lungo nella fase 1 di una dieta low FODMAP?

<p>Per prevenire la comparsa di sintomi secondari (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è la quantità massima di fodmap consigliata per ogni pasto?

<p>0,5 g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale alimento è principale fonte di fruttani?

<p>Pane e cereali (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa deve essere fatto prima di introdurre un nuovo alimento ricco in FODMAP nella dieta?

<p>Verificare le abitudini alimentari del paziente (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è la funzione della cromatografia liquida nell'analisi dei FODMAP?

<p>Confrontare con standard di riferimento (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è l'obiettivo della fase 2 di una dieta low FODMAP?

<p>Identificare quale FODMAP il paziente può tollerare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è il rischio principale di introdurre alimenti che contengono sia GOS che FOS senza analisi precedente?

<p>Possibile aggravamento dei sintomi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è l'effetto del fruttosio in un paziente che consuma pane gluten free?

<p>Può causare sintomi perché supera il cutoff dei fodmap totali (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa succede al contenuto di fodmap quando si scolano i legumi?

<p>Si abbassa ulteriormente (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In che modo la cottura prolungata dei legumi influisce sul contenuto di fodmap?

<p>Lo riduce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è la funzione principale dell'anamnesi nella valutazione del paziente?

<p>Raccogliere informazioni sui sintomi del paziente (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quali sono i sintomi da considerare per un paziente con IBS?

<p>Entrambi i tipi di sintomi a seconda del sottotipo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Che ruolo giocano i fagioli sciacquati nel contesto della dieta low fodmap?

<p>Due cucchiai di fagioli sciacquati possono essere considerati accettabili (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Come si comportano i sottaceti in relazione ai fodmap?

<p>Ridurranno il contenuto di fodmap ma non in tutti i casi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è una delle pratiche consigliate per la reintroduzione di legumi nella dieta?

<p>Partire da legumi in barattolo di vetro e controllare le porzioni (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è il ruolo dei probiotici nel trattamento dei problemi gastrointestinali?

<p>Possono provocare effetti avversi se somministrati con prebiotici (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è la connessione tra fibra e sindrome dell'intestino irritabile (IBS)?

<p>Alcuni tipi di fibra possono aggravare i sintomi di IBS (A), Esistono informazioni contrastanti riguardo alla loro relazione (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa si raccomanda di fare in caso di costipazione?

<p>Considerare l'uso di glucomannano o psyllio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Che ruolo ha l'idratazione nel trattamento dei problemi intestinali?

<p>Non è l'unico fattore da considerare per la salute intestinale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quali alimenti possono potenzialmente scatenare problemi gastrointestinali?

<p>Alcol, caffè e succhi di frutta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa deve essere incluso in un diario alimentare di 3-7 giorni?

<p>Le bevande consumate e gli spuntini (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale approccio si deve considerare se un paziente è stressato?

<p>Utilizzare tecniche di rilassamento (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa deve fare un medico riguardo alla metformina nei pazienti diabetici con sintomi gastrointestinali?

<p>Monitorare e adattare il dosaggio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Low FODMAP Diet

A diet restricted in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs), used to manage symptoms of certain digestive disorders, including IBS, endometriosis, and celiac disease.

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Digestive issues without detectable structural abnormalities, often characterized by chronic symptoms. Examples include IBS but extend beyond, to include esophageal and gastroduodenal concerns.

Bio-psycho-social Model

A model emphasizing that health and illness are influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors, not just a simple cause and effect.

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

A common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, often accompanied by changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation).

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Functional GI Symptom Duration

Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months to be classified as a functional GI disorder.

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Distension

A feeling of fullness or bloating, often associated with an increase in the abdomen's circumference.

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Functional vs. Structural

Functional disorders occur without structural damage, in contrast to those in which structural damage is visually apparent.

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Symptom Continuum

Gastrointestinal concerns are not always separate; they can overlap, with symptoms sometimes presenting as one issue and eventually changing to another.

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Gut-Brain Axis

The complex two-way communication system between the nervous system and the gut microbiome, including the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and the enteric nervous system.

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Microbiota's Influence on Development

The gut microbiota plays a role in the development of the enteric nervous system, as demonstrated by germ-free animal models.

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)

Byproducts of fiber fermentation by gut bacteria, important for enterocytes (intestinal cells) and gut-brain communication.

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Visceral Hypersensitivity

An altered response to normal stimuli in the gut, perceived as pain or discomfort.

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IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

A common disorder characterized by abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, and other symptoms.

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FODMAPs

Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, which can cause bloating and gas in some individuals, and trigger pain in those with IBS.

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Translocation

The process of movement of things (like bacteria, or symptoms).

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)

A procedure where healthy gut bacteria from a donor is transplanted to a recipient to potentially alter gut microbiome composition and treat certain conditions.

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Excess Fructose

Consumption of high amounts of fructose can lead to digestive problems in some individuals.

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FODMAPs (Fructans)

Fermentable carbohydrates that may cause digestive issues in some individuals, and are especially problematic for those with IBS.

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Fructan Chain Length

The length of the fructose chain in FODMAPs impacts their effect on the digestive system. Longer chains have less impact, while shorter ones cause more issues.

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Food Sources of FODMAPs

Many fruits, vegetables, and grains contain FODMAPs, and these can be problematic for some individuals with digestive concerns.

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Gluten-Free Products

Foods often labelled as free of gluten can still contain high-fructose sources and FODMAPs.

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IBS and FODMAPs

Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) might experience worsened digestive issues when consuming high amounts of FODMAPs.

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Gastrointestinal Problems

Digestive distress, and is not unique to specific individuals, but more common in those with IBS or other predispositions.

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FODMAPs and Athletes

High fructose or fructan intake in athletes can cause gastrointestinal problems, especially during higher intensity training, with certain fructans producing more digestive distress than others.

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FODMAPs

Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides and Polyols, short-chain carbohydrates that some people have trouble digesting.

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Low FODMAP Phase 1

Initial phase of low FODMAP diet, completely removing high FODMAP foods to reduce symptoms.

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FODMAP analysis tools

Methods (like HPLC) used to measure levels of different FODMAPs in foods.

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Individual FODMAP Cut-off

Specific amount of a FODMAP that triggers symptoms in a particular person.

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Introduction of FODMAPs (Phase 2)

Gradual reintroduction of FODMAPs to discover personal tolerance levels.

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0.5 g FODMAPs limit per meal

Recommended maximum amount of FODMAPs per meal, depending on the specific FODMAP and individual tolerance.

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Fructans

A type of FODMAP found in many foods, especially grains and legumes.

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Gradual reintroduction

Important to slowly add back fodmaps to understand what triggers a response.

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FODMAPs in processed foods

Certain types of carbohydrates, called FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides and Polyols), can cause digestive issues when consumed in excess. Some processed food might include high levels of FODMAPs, which can trigger symptoms.

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Food processing & FODMAPs

Food processing methods can significantly affect the FODMAP content of foods. Processing techniques can alter the amount of fermentable sugars in foods, impacting their overall FODMAP load.

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Tofu & FODMAPs

Different types of tofu can have varying FODMAP levels. Pressing tofu can remove water, reducing its FODMAP content.

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FODMAP reduction methods

Techniques like soaking, cooking, and removing the liquid from foods can reduce the FODMAP content.

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Patient history & IBS

Thorough patient history for IBS includes symptom characterization (e.g. diarrhea vs constipation), lifestyle factors, and family history to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue

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Symptom Subtypes (IBS)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) can present in different subtypes, including constipation-predominant, diarrhea-predominant, or mixed types.

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Bristol Stool Chart

Helps to characterize stool consistency in order to assess bowel habits and correlate them with the patient's symptoms to discern potential IBS.

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Crucial info vs. IBS

Gathering information about dietary habits, lifestyle, and family history is critical for effective care of a patient with IBS.

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Gastroenterologist Visit

Seeking professional medical advice from a gastroenterologist for digestive issues.

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Fiber Intake and IBS

There's a correlation between fiber intake and IBS, but conflicting information exists about the direct relationship, both high and low intake are potential issues..

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FODMAPs and Fiber

Many high FODMAP foods are also high in fiber, creating a complex relationship between diet and digestive health.

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Probiotics and Prebiotics

Probiotics often contain prebiotics; this combination can sometimes cause issues for patients.

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Dietary Diary

A detailed record of food and drink consumption over several days, used to identify potential triggers for digestive symptoms.

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Hydration and Digestion

Proper hydration is essential for digestive health; dehydration can worsen constipation.

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Stress and Digestive Issues

Stress and emotional factors can contribute to and worsen digestive problems. Recognizing stress helps management.

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Medication and Digestion

Certain medications (e.g., anti-inflammatories) can impact digestion, sometimes leading to constipation. Adjustments may be necessary.

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Study Notes

Low FODMAP Diet

  • Developed by Monash University
  • Applies to IBS, endometriosis, celiac disease, IBD, etc.
  • Not solely an IBS diet
  • A multi-faceted approach considering biological, psychological, and social aspects of intestinal issues.

Functional Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract

  • Recent publications emphasize the difficulty of solely biomedically explaining intestinal issues.
  • The bio-psycho-social model is crucial, as problems often stem from multiple factors.
  • Engel's perspective highlights that intestinal problems can cause psychological issues, and vice-versa.
  • The gut-brain axis plays a significant role.
  • Early life infections and social stress are frequently associated with subsequent gut health issues.
  • Personality traits and social support also influence gut microbiota and motility.
  • Structural anomalies are generally absent, but pathological features might be found with celiac disease (villus atrophy)

Chronic Nature of Functional Disorders

  • Symptoms often persist for at least 6 months.
  • Intermittent symptoms do not define IBS but other functional disorders.

Treatment and Diagnostic Challenges

  • Diagnosis is a complex exclusion process; only a gastroenterologist can provide proper diagnosis to rule out physical causes
  • Symptoms vary, and severity ranges from mild to severe.
  • Treatment strategies are tailored to individual needs.
  • Importance of a clear medical history and accurate assessment of symptoms.
  • Importance of dietary intervention based on underlying issues
  • 7-15% of the population is affected.
  • A significant portion remains undiagnosed due to mild or transient symptoms.

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FODMAP Diet - Past Paper PDF

Description

Scopri come la dieta Low FODMAP, sviluppata dall'Università di Monash, possa influenzare vari disturbi gastrointestinali come IBS, endometriosi e malattia celiaca. Questa valutazione considera anche il modello bio-psico-sociale, che evidenzia l'importanza delle interazioni tra fattori biologici e psicologici nella salute intestinale.

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