Podcast
Questions and Answers
Due to the higher combustion pressures, the ______ engine is heavier.
Due to the higher combustion pressures, the ______ engine is heavier.
diesel
A ______ engine operates at higher compression ratios compared to a gasoline engine.
A ______ engine operates at higher compression ratios compared to a gasoline engine.
diesel
Diesel engines are considered ______ in terms of speed control.
Diesel engines are considered ______ in terms of speed control.
self-limiting
Cylinder blocks are commonly manufactured from ______.
Cylinder blocks are commonly manufactured from ______.
The ______ encloses the crankshaft and crank webs.
The ______ encloses the crankshaft and crank webs.
The ______ collects and stores the engine's supply of lubrication oil.
The ______ collects and stores the engine's supply of lubrication oil.
A dry sump is chosen to obtain a lower ______.
A dry sump is chosen to obtain a lower ______.
The space enclosed by the sleeve or bore is called the ______ where fuel is burnt.
The space enclosed by the sleeve or bore is called the ______ where fuel is burnt.
The ______ sleeve design comes into direct contact with the engine's cooling water system.
The ______ sleeve design comes into direct contact with the engine's cooling water system.
Pistons convert energy from the expanding gases into ______ energy.
Pistons convert energy from the expanding gases into ______ energy.
The ______ acts primarily as a pressure seal.
The ______ acts primarily as a pressure seal.
The function of the bottom piston ring(s) is to ensure that a supply of ______ is evenly spread on the cylinder walls.
The function of the bottom piston ring(s) is to ensure that a supply of ______ is evenly spread on the cylinder walls.
In V-type engines, connecting rods of two opposing cylinders share the same main journal bearing on the ______.
In V-type engines, connecting rods of two opposing cylinders share the same main journal bearing on the ______.
The ______ connects the piston to the connecting rod.
The ______ connects the piston to the connecting rod.
The ______ transforms the linear motion of the piston(s) into rotational motion.
The ______ transforms the linear motion of the piston(s) into rotational motion.
[Blank] transform the linear motion of the piston(s) into rotational motion.
[Blank] transform the linear motion of the piston(s) into rotational motion.
The ______'s unique shape helps balance the forces generated during engine operation.
The ______'s unique shape helps balance the forces generated during engine operation.
The [] provides the structure for holding the exhaust gas valves, intake valves (if fitted) and fuel injectors.
The [] provides the structure for holding the exhaust gas valves, intake valves (if fitted) and fuel injectors.
The area a valve presses against when closed, is known as: ______
The area a valve presses against when closed, is known as: ______
[Blank] is responsible for engine timing i.e. when valves open/close, when fuel is injected, etc.?
[Blank] is responsible for engine timing i.e. when valves open/close, when fuel is injected, etc.?
Flashcards
Diesel Engine Weight
Diesel Engine Weight
An engine heavier due to higher combustion pressures.
Diesel Engine Compression
Diesel Engine Compression
Engine operating at higher compression ratios.
Diesel Engine Speed Control
Diesel Engine Speed Control
Self-limiting in speed control due to fuel injection.
Cylinder Block Material
Cylinder Block Material
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Crankcase Function
Crankcase Function
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Oil Pan Function
Oil Pan Function
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Dry Sump Reason
Dry Sump Reason
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Combustion Chamber
Combustion Chamber
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Wet Sleeve Design
Wet Sleeve Design
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Piston Function
Piston Function
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Top Piston Ring
Top Piston Ring
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Bottom Piston Rings
Bottom Piston Rings
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Piston Pin
Piston Pin
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Crankshaft Function
Crankshaft Function
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Crankshaft Material
Crankshaft Material
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Crankshaft Purpose
Crankshaft Purpose
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Counterweights Function
Counterweights Function
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Crankshaft Oil Passages
Crankshaft Oil Passages
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Flywheel Function
Flywheel Function
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Flywheel Gear Teeth
Flywheel Gear Teeth
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Study Notes
- A diesel engine is heavier than a gasoline engine because of the higher combustion pressures.
- Diesel engines operate at higher compression ratios than gasoline engines.
- Diesel engines are not self-limiting in terms of speed control.
- Cylinder blocks are usually manufactured from cast-iron.
- The crankcase is located on the bottom of the cylinder block.
- The crankcase encloses the crankshaft and crank webs.
- The oil pan collects and stores the engine's supply of lubrication oil.
- The oil pan may be divided into several parts to reduce the free surface effect.
- Reasons for choosing a dry sump include:
- Keeping the engine clean by reducing the likelihood of oil spillages and leaks.
- Obtaining a lower center of gravity.
- Avoiding storing a large volume of oil directly beneath the engine.
- The space enclosed by the sleeve or bore is the combustion chamber, where fuel is burned.
- The wet sleeve engine design comes into direct contact with the engine's cooling water system.
- Pistons do not have rubber O-rings wrapped around them to prevent combustion gases from bypassing.
- The top piston ring acts primarily as a pressure seal.
- The bottom piston ring(s) ensure that a supply of lubrication oil is evenly spread on the cylinder walls.
- Pistons convert the energy of the expanding gases into mechanical energy.
- In V-type engines, connecting rods of two opposing cylinders share the same main journal bearing on the crankshaft.
- The smaller diameter top bore of the connecting rod connects to the piston pin.
- The piston pin connects the piston to the connecting rod.
- The crankshaft transforms the linear motion of the piston(s) into rotational motion.
- Crankshafts are usually made from forged steel.
- The crankshaft transforms the linear motion of the piston(s) into rotational motion.
- The special shape of the crankshaft helps balance the forces during engine operation.
- The crankshaft of a four-stroke engine rotates upon plain bearings which are oil lubricated.
- Counterweights (crank webs) help ensure an even balance of forces during engine operation.
- Crankshafts have drilled oil passages for oil flow to journal bearings and con rod bearings, as well as to lubricate the crankshaft's internal surfaces.
- The flywheel helps reduce vibration and smooth the motion of the crankshaft as it rotates.
- Flywheels have gear teeth around their periphery to allow a starter motor to engage and start the engine.
- A flywheel’s diameter is usually large, allowing it to rotate further from the crankshaft’s centre axis of rotation.
- Cylinder head functions include:
- Providing the top sealing area for the cylinder bore or sleeve.
- Housing the rocker arms.
- Providing the structure for holding the exhaust gas valves, intake valves (if fitted) and fuel injectors.
- Ports and valves may be used for admitting and exhausting gases from the cylinder.
- The area a valve presses against when closed is known as the valve seat.
- Inlet and exhaust valves are usually mechanically actuated.
- The "valve seat" is the point at which the valve seals against the cylinder head.
- The camshaft is responsible for engine timing e.g., when valves open/close, when fuel is injected, etc.
- Pushrods and rocker arms transfer the reciprocating motion of the camshaft lobes to the valves and injectors, opening and closing them as needed.
- The timing gear that drives the camshaft.
- Gears or a chain connects the crankshaft to the camshaft, ensuring their rotations are proportional.
- Fuel injection can be controlled mechanically from the camshaft via lobes and push rods.
- Fuel injection can be controlled electronically using solenoid valves, a setup known as 'common rail'.
- Valve lash refers to the clearance in the valve train before the valve starts to open.
- A diesel engine's blower compresses air prior to entering the combustion chamber.
- The color of engine exhaust gas can indicate its operating condition, for example:
- Black exhaust indicates too much fuel and too little air.
- Blue exhaust indicated lubrication oil is being burned.
- A turbocharger must be connected to the air and exhaust systems to work.
- Hydrogen system is not associated with any internal combustion engine design.
- A cooling water system is also known as a jacket water system.
- An anti-drain valve prevents oil from flowing out of the filter when the engine is stopped.
- A lubrication oil system reduces friction, cools engine parts, and removes impurities with a filter.
- Lubrication oil flows back to an oil pan due to gravity after passing through an engine.
- More diesel flows through an engine's fuel system than required for combustion to cool the engine injectors.
- In a turbocharger, a turbine is driven by exhaust gases, while a supercharger is driven via gears from the crankshaft.
- Admitting air into the combustion space is known as charging.
- Scavenging means admitting air into the combustion space and expelling exhaust gas.
- Charge air should not be cooled below its dew point.
- Compressing air prior to combustion increases oxygen for efficient fuel burning and results in higher power output and a higher charge air pressure, enhancing scavenging.
- 'Bore' refers to the internal diameter of an engine's cylinder.
- 'Stroke' is the distance between TDC (Top Dead Center) and BDC (Bottom Dead Center).
- A crankshaft must rotate 360 degrees to move the piston from TDC to BDC.
- Engine displacement refers to the combined volume of all the engine cylinders.
- The specific sequence of the combustion cycle for each engine cylinder is called the firing order.
- Compression Ratio = (Displacement Volume + Clearance Volume) / Clearance Volume.
- The mechanical efficiency of a four-stroke diesel engine is approximately 80 to 90 percent.
- Brake horsepower is the amount of usable power delivered to the crankshaft.
- Diesel engines convert chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical energy.
- Essential stages for all combustion cycles are suction, compression, and ignition (power).
- Diesel engines do not require spark plugs, while petrol engines do.
- Two-stroke engines have a higher power to weight ratio than four-stroke engines.
- Two-stroke engines require two-strokes to complete a full combustion cycle.
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