Diencephalon Structure and Components

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Questions and Answers

What is the superior surface of the thalamus covered by?

A layer of white matter called stratum zonale (correct)

A layer of cells called stratum zonale

A layer of grey matter called stratum zonale

A layer of neurons called stratum zonale

What structures are found on the floor of the central part of the lateral ventricle?

Stria terminalis, Talamostriate vein, Lamina affixa, Choroid plexus, Stria medullaris, Anterior tubercle, Pulvinar (correct)

Lamina terminalis, Choroid plexus, Stria medullaris

Pineal body, Superior colliculi, Midbrain

Habenular trigone, Habenula, Habenular commissure, Posterior commissure

What covers the inferior surface of the thalamus?

Capsular region covered by reticular zone

Hypothalamic region (correct)

Layer of white matter called stratum zonale

Wall of the third ventricle covered by the central grey matter

What covers the medial surface of the thalamus?

Wall of the third ventricle covered by the central grey matter Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of the epithalamus?

Habenular trigone, Habenula, Habenular commissure, Posterior commissure, Pineal body Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pineal body located?

Above the superior colliculi of the midbrain Signup and view all the answers

What is the pineal body connected with superiorly?

The habenular commissure Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if the pineal body malfunctions?

It may lead to premature and incomplete or delayed puberty Signup and view all the answers

What does the hypothalamus control?

Endocrine system, fluid balance, body temperature, feeding behavior, and sexual activity Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of the metathalamus?

Lateral geniculate body and the medial geniculate body Signup and view all the answers

What forms the inferior wall of the third ventricle?

Optic chiasm, infundibulum, tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies, subthalamus, and crura of the brain and tegmen of mesencephalon Signup and view all the answers

What forms the posterior wall of the third ventricle?

Pineal body, habenular commissure, and posterior commissure Signup and view all the answers

What structures are found in the lateral wall of the third ventricle?

Thalamus, hypothalamic sulcus, interventricular opening, interthalamic adhesion, and transverse fibers Signup and view all the answers

What forms the midbrain?

Lamina tecti, Aqueduct, and Cerebral Peduncles Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the Lamina tecti?

Superior colliculi and Inferior colliculi Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Brachia colliculorum superior pass between?

Pulvinar and medial geniculate body, and reaches optic tract and lateral geniculate body Signup and view all the answers

What are the limits of the Lemniscus trigone?

Anterior limit - lateral sulcus of cerebral crus, Superior limit - inferior colliculus and its brachium, Inferior limit - superior cerebellar peduncle Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain?

Crura and tegmentum Signup and view all the answers

What can be found within the interpeduncular fossa?

Posterior perforated substance, the medial and lateral sulci of the cerebral crus, and the emergence of the oculomotor nerve from the brain Signup and view all the answers

What are the nuclei of the mesencephalon?

Superior colliculus, Inferior colliculus, Intercollicular nucleus, Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus, Nucleus of Cajal Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the tuberoinfundibular tract?

Controlling the release of hormones such as TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH, and PRL Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is part of the anterior wall of the brain?

Lamina terminalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the supraopticophyseal tract?

Regulating water balance in the body and contraction of the uterus during delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior part of the pituitary gland called?

Neurohypophysis Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus is responsible for regulating the body's circadian rhythm?

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is part of the superior wall of the third ventricle?

Tela choroidea Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus is part of the anterior group of the hypothalamus?

Paraventricular nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus is part of the posterior group of the hypothalamus?

Medial mamillary nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diencephalon Components

Composed of Thalamoencephalon, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, and Third ventricle

Thalamoencephalon Subdivisions

Thalamus
Metathalamus
Epithalamus

Thalamus Structure

Superior surface covered by Stratum Zonale (white matter)
Inferior surface covered by Hypothalamic region
Lateral surface covered by Capsular region (reticular zone)
Medial surface covered by Wall of the third ventricle (central grey matter)

Floor of Central Part of Lateral Ventricle

Features Stria terminalis, Talamostriate vein, Lamina affixa, Choroid plexus, Stria medullaris, Anterior tubercle, and Pulvinar

Thalamus Nuclei

Anterior nuclei
Paraventricular nuclei
Supraoptic nuclei
Suprachiasmatic nuclei
Medial nuclei
Lateral nuclei (ventral and dorsal groups)
Reticular nuclei
Intralaminar nuclei
Centromedian nuclei
Habenula nuclei
Lateral and medial geniculate bodies
Pulvinar nuclei

Epithalamus Components

Habenular trigone
Habenula
Habenular commissure
Posterior commissure
Pineal body

Pineal Body

Located above the superior colliculi of the midbrain
Connected with habenular commissure superiorly and posterior commissure inferiorly
Malfunction can lead to premature and incomplete or delayed puberty

Metathalamus Components

Lateral geniculate body
Medial geniculate body

Hypothalamus Functions

Controls endocrine system, fluid balance, body temperature, feeding behavior, and sexual activity
Consists of optic chiasm, optic tracts, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, pituitary gland, and mammillary bodies

Hypothalamus Nuclei

Anterior group: Supraoptic nucleus, Paraventricular nucleus, Preoptic area (nucleus), Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Middle group: Infundibular nucleus, Ventromedial nucleus, Dorsomedial nucleus, Lateral nucleus, Tubero-mamillary nucleus
Posterior group: Medial mamillary nucleus, Lateral mamillary nucleus, Mamillary intercalate nucleus, Premamillary nucleus, Posterior area

Pituitary Gland

Posterior part is called Neurohypophysis
Tuberoinfundibular tract controls hormones TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH, and PRL
Supraopticophyseal tract controls ADH and Oxytocin

Third Ventricle Walls

Superior wall: Tela choroidea, corpus callosum, and fornix
Anterior wall: Lamina terminalis, Anterior commissure, Free part of the columns of fornix, Triangular recess, and Optic recess
Inferior wall: Optic chiasm, infundibulum, tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies, subthalamus, and crura of the brain and tegmen of mesencephalon
Posterior wall: Pineal body, habenular commissure, and posterior commissure

Lateral Wall of Third Ventricle

Features Thalamus, hypothalamic sulcus, interventricular opening, interthalamic adhesion, and transverse fibers

Midbrain Components

Lamina tecti (Tectum), Aqueduct, and Cerebral Peduncles (consisting of Cerebral crura and Tegmentum)

Lamina Tecti Components

Superior colliculi and Inferior colliculi

Brachia Colliculorum

Superior Brachia colliculorum passes between Pulvinar and medial geniculate body, and reaches optic tract and lateral geniculate body
Inferior Brachia colliculorum reaches medial geniculate body

Lemniscus Trigone

Limits: Anterior limit - lateral sulcus of cerebral crus, Superior limit - inferior colliculus and its brachium, Inferior limit - superior cerebellar peduncle

Cerebral Peduncles

Two parts: Cerebral crura (anteriorly) and Tegmentum (posteriorly)

Interpeduncular Fossa

Features posterior perforated substance, medial and lateral sulci of the cerebral crus, and the emergence of the oculomotor nerve from the brain

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Description

Identify the different parts of the Diencephalon, including the Thalamoencephalon, Hypothalamus, and Subthalamus, and their various subdivisions and structures.