28 Questions
What is the superior surface of the thalamus covered by?
A layer of white matter called stratum zonale
What structures are found on the floor of the central part of the lateral ventricle?
Stria terminalis, Talamostriate vein, Lamina affixa, Choroid plexus, Stria medullaris, Anterior tubercle, Pulvinar
What covers the inferior surface of the thalamus?
Hypothalamic region
What covers the medial surface of the thalamus?
Wall of the third ventricle covered by the central grey matter
What are the parts of the epithalamus?
Habenular trigone, Habenula, Habenular commissure, Posterior commissure, Pineal body
Where is the pineal body located?
Above the superior colliculi of the midbrain
What is the pineal body connected with superiorly?
The habenular commissure
What may happen if the pineal body malfunctions?
It may lead to premature and incomplete or delayed puberty
What does the hypothalamus control?
Endocrine system, fluid balance, body temperature, feeding behavior, and sexual activity
What are the parts of the metathalamus?
Lateral geniculate body and the medial geniculate body
What forms the inferior wall of the third ventricle?
Optic chiasm, infundibulum, tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies, subthalamus, and crura of the brain and tegmen of mesencephalon
What forms the posterior wall of the third ventricle?
Pineal body, habenular commissure, and posterior commissure
What structures are found in the lateral wall of the third ventricle?
Thalamus, hypothalamic sulcus, interventricular opening, interthalamic adhesion, and transverse fibers
What forms the midbrain?
Lamina tecti, Aqueduct, and Cerebral Peduncles
What are the components of the Lamina tecti?
Superior colliculi and Inferior colliculi
Where does the Brachia colliculorum superior pass between?
Pulvinar and medial geniculate body, and reaches optic tract and lateral geniculate body
What are the limits of the Lemniscus trigone?
Anterior limit - lateral sulcus of cerebral crus, Superior limit - inferior colliculus and its brachium, Inferior limit - superior cerebellar peduncle
What are the two parts of the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain?
Crura and tegmentum
What can be found within the interpeduncular fossa?
Posterior perforated substance, the medial and lateral sulci of the cerebral crus, and the emergence of the oculomotor nerve from the brain
What are the nuclei of the mesencephalon?
Superior colliculus, Inferior colliculus, Intercollicular nucleus, Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus, Nucleus of Cajal
What is the main function of the tuberoinfundibular tract?
Controlling the release of hormones such as TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH, and PRL
Which structure is part of the anterior wall of the brain?
Lamina terminalis
What is the function of the supraopticophyseal tract?
Regulating water balance in the body and contraction of the uterus during delivery
What is the posterior part of the pituitary gland called?
Neurohypophysis
Which nucleus is responsible for regulating the body's circadian rhythm?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Which structure is part of the superior wall of the third ventricle?
Tela choroidea
Which nucleus is part of the anterior group of the hypothalamus?
Paraventricular nucleus
Which nucleus is part of the posterior group of the hypothalamus?
Medial mamillary nucleus
Study Notes
Diencephalon Components
- Composed of Thalamoencephalon, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, and Third ventricle
Thalamoencephalon Subdivisions
- Thalamus
- Metathalamus
- Epithalamus
Thalamus Structure
- Superior surface covered by Stratum Zonale (white matter)
- Inferior surface covered by Hypothalamic region
- Lateral surface covered by Capsular region (reticular zone)
- Medial surface covered by Wall of the third ventricle (central grey matter)
Floor of Central Part of Lateral Ventricle
- Features Stria terminalis, Talamostriate vein, Lamina affixa, Choroid plexus, Stria medullaris, Anterior tubercle, and Pulvinar
Thalamus Nuclei
- Anterior nuclei
- Paraventricular nuclei
- Supraoptic nuclei
- Suprachiasmatic nuclei
- Medial nuclei
- Lateral nuclei (ventral and dorsal groups)
- Reticular nuclei
- Intralaminar nuclei
- Centromedian nuclei
- Habenula nuclei
- Lateral and medial geniculate bodies
- Pulvinar nuclei
Epithalamus Components
- Habenular trigone
- Habenula
- Habenular commissure
- Posterior commissure
- Pineal body
Pineal Body
- Located above the superior colliculi of the midbrain
- Connected with habenular commissure superiorly and posterior commissure inferiorly
- Malfunction can lead to premature and incomplete or delayed puberty
Metathalamus Components
- Lateral geniculate body
- Medial geniculate body
Hypothalamus Functions
- Controls endocrine system, fluid balance, body temperature, feeding behavior, and sexual activity
- Consists of optic chiasm, optic tracts, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, pituitary gland, and mammillary bodies
Hypothalamus Nuclei
- Anterior group: Supraoptic nucleus, Paraventricular nucleus, Preoptic area (nucleus), Suprachiasmatic nucleus
- Middle group: Infundibular nucleus, Ventromedial nucleus, Dorsomedial nucleus, Lateral nucleus, Tubero-mamillary nucleus
- Posterior group: Medial mamillary nucleus, Lateral mamillary nucleus, Mamillary intercalate nucleus, Premamillary nucleus, Posterior area
Pituitary Gland
- Posterior part is called Neurohypophysis
- Tuberoinfundibular tract controls hormones TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH, and PRL
- Supraopticophyseal tract controls ADH and Oxytocin
Third Ventricle Walls
- Superior wall: Tela choroidea, corpus callosum, and fornix
- Anterior wall: Lamina terminalis, Anterior commissure, Free part of the columns of fornix, Triangular recess, and Optic recess
- Inferior wall: Optic chiasm, infundibulum, tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies, subthalamus, and crura of the brain and tegmen of mesencephalon
- Posterior wall: Pineal body, habenular commissure, and posterior commissure
Lateral Wall of Third Ventricle
- Features Thalamus, hypothalamic sulcus, interventricular opening, interthalamic adhesion, and transverse fibers
Midbrain Components
- Lamina tecti (Tectum), Aqueduct, and Cerebral Peduncles (consisting of Cerebral crura and Tegmentum)
Lamina Tecti Components
- Superior colliculi and Inferior colliculi
Brachia Colliculorum
- Superior Brachia colliculorum passes between Pulvinar and medial geniculate body, and reaches optic tract and lateral geniculate body
- Inferior Brachia colliculorum reaches medial geniculate body
Lemniscus Trigone
- Limits: Anterior limit - lateral sulcus of cerebral crus, Superior limit - inferior colliculus and its brachium, Inferior limit - superior cerebellar peduncle
Cerebral Peduncles
- Two parts: Cerebral crura (anteriorly) and Tegmentum (posteriorly)
Interpeduncular Fossa
- Features posterior perforated substance, medial and lateral sulci of the cerebral crus, and the emergence of the oculomotor nerve from the brain
Identify the different parts of the Diencephalon, including the Thalamoencephalon, Hypothalamus, and Subthalamus, and their various subdivisions and structures.
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