Diarrhea and Dehydration in Infants: Associated Symptoms
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Questions and Answers

What is the most severe threat posed by diarrhea?

  • Dehydration (correct)
  • Weakness or malaise
  • Nausea
  • Flatulence

Why is it important for a pharmacist to ask about vomiting and fever in infants with diarrhea?

  • To prescribe antibiotics
  • To assess appetite
  • To diagnose the type of diarrhea
  • To determine the severity of dehydration (correct)

What would indicate the need for referral when dealing with a diarrhea case?

  • High fever
  • Flatulence
  • Localized minor outbreaks
  • Blood or mucus in stools (correct)

Why should a pharmacist ask about food intake and other family members with similar symptoms in cases of diarrhea?

<p>To identify infection as a likely cause (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can reduced fluid intake predispose to during a diarrheal episode?

<p>Dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to replace water and electrolytes lost during a diarrheal episode?

<p>To prevent dehydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common etiological agent of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in low-income countries?

<p>Rotavirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is infection causing diarrhea usually spread?

<p>Through contaminated food or drinking-water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite causes Giardiasis, a diarrheal disease?

<p>Giardia lamblia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment recommended for most cases of diarrhea that are short-lived with normal bowel habits before and after?

<p>Fluids and electrolytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial organism is NOT mentioned as a common cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea?

<p>Salmonella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what cases is antibiotic treatment needed for diarrhea?

<p>For severe cases of diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason behind Clostridium difficile flourishing in the gut after antibiotic use?

<p>It is naturally resistant to antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if hand washing and careful hygiene practices are not followed in a healthcare setting with patients infected with Clostridium difficile?

<p>Transmission of the bacteria to other patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication seen in debilitated individuals infected with Clostridium difficile?

<p>Perforation of the colon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should anti-diarrheal medications not be used in treating Clostridium difficile infection?

<p>They can aggravate the condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What antibiotic is commonly used to treat confirmed cases of Clostridium difficile infection?

<p>Metronidazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should pharmacists take if they encounter a case of persistent diarrhea following a course of antibiotics?

<p>Ask the patient to contact their GP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of diarrhea in children younger than 1 year before referring them?

<p>1 day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which group of patients is diarrhea of 2 days' duration a referral indication?

<p>Children under 3 years and elderly patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided in patients with diarrhea due to the potential to worsen the condition?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would warrant a referral due to suspected drug-induced reaction to prescribed medicine?

<p>Presence of blood or mucus in the stools (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main goals of self-treatment for persistent or chronic diarrhea?

<p>Prevent or correct fluid and electrolyte loss, identify the cause, relieve symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation should all patients receive their normal diet or breast-feeding during bouts of diarrhea?

<p>Because it does not make the diarrhea worse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT listed as a potential cause of persistent or chronic diarrhea?

<p>Peptic ulcer disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information should pharmacists ask patients for before recommending therapy for diarrhea?

<p>Age, onset and duration of diarrhea, description of stool, other symptoms, medications history, recent travel, medical history (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered when evaluating a patient with persistent diarrhea?

<p>Hair length (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition would most likely involve malabsorption as a cause of persistent or chronic diarrhea?

<p>Celiac disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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