Diagnostic Tests for Infections
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a protein that is most commonly used in immunodiagnostic tests to detect the presence of pathogens?

  • Antibody
  • RNA
  • Antigen (correct)
  • DNA

    • Which method can be used to detect virus growth when culturing viruses?

  • Detecting haemagglutination
  • Multiplexing the PCR
  • Looking at the pattern of damage caused to some cell types (correct)
  • Using specific primers with a dye

    • Which of the following can be used to determine antibiotic sensitivity?

  • Culturing bacteria on media (correct)
  • Detecting genetic material
  • Using specific primers with a dye
  • Looking at vaccination drift

    • Which method can be used to detect genetic material, specifically DNA?

    <p>PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic material is mainly detected using reverse transcription and PCR?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to detect the size of the PCR product when run out on a gel?

    <p>Using specific primers with a dye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to detect how fast dye is accumulated during PCR?

    <p>Multiplexing the PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pathogens mainly have an RNA genome?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is commonly used to detect antibodies in a sample by coating the ELISA plate with the antigen and adding the sample containing the antibody?

    <p>Indirect ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to detect active infection by capturing IgM antibodies in the sample?

    <p>Capture ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be used to detect antibodies to influenza that may be multispecies, but does not differentiate between species?

    <p>Competitive ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be used to inhibit the agglutination of red blood cells by a virus if the virus is present?

    <p>Inhibition test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test relies on the ability of antibodies to lyse red blood cells and can determine the presence of antibodies specific for an antigen?

    <p>Complement fixation test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is commonly used to detect tuberculosis in animals by injecting tuberculin into the skin and measuring the resulting swelling?

    <p>SICCT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test measures the production of a chemical in response to tuberculin infection?

    <p>Interferon gamma test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensitivity of the Interferon gamma test for tuberculosis?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specificity of the Interferon gamma test for tuberculosis?

    <p>96.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of identifying an animal with tuberculosis?

    <p>Severe consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most certain way of diagnosing an infection?

    <p>Detecting the pathogen (antigen) or detecting the host response to the pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using immunodiagnostic tests?

    <p>To detect a protein or a part of the protein (antigen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to detect virus growth in culturing viruses?

    <p>Observing cytopathic effect or haemagglutination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of culturing bacteria on media?

    <p>To determine antibiotic sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to detect genetic material, specifically DNA?

    <p>PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using reverse transcription and PCR?

    <p>To detect genetic material, specifically RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pathogens mainly have an RNA genome?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using lateral flow devices in animal side tests?

    <p>Mix sample with diluent and allow it to flow along the test substrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how latex agglutination tests work.

    <p>Depends on the ability of antibodies - latex beads covered in antibodies and they bind to more than one pathogen particle, leading to cross linking and agglutination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is an indirect ELISA most likely used in the detection of antibodies?

    <p>It coats the ELISA plate with the antigen and adds the sample containing the antibody.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a sandwich or capture ELISA in the detection of IgM antibodies?

    <p>It more easily detects IgM and can be used to measure active infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does competitive ELISA work?

    <p>The antibody in the sample competes with a labeled antibody to detect antibodies to influenza that may be multispecies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inhibition in agglutination tests?

    <p>It blocks the ability of the virus to bind to the red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how complement fixation works.

    <p>It relies on the ability of antibodies to lyse red blood cells and is used to determine the presence of antibodies specific for an antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sensitivity and specificity of the Interferon gamma test for tuberculosis?

    <p>Sensitivity of 90% (will miss one positive animal) and specificity of 96.5% (1 false positive in 30 uninfected cattle tested).</p> Signup and view all the answers

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