Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections and Serology Methods
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Questions and Answers

What does serology focus on in diagnosing infections?

  • Microbial solid growth media
  • Cell-mediated immunity
  • Selective media
  • Detection of host immune response (correct)
  • In serology, how is antibody titer measured?

  • As the reciprocal of the highest dilution of serum that reacts positively in a specific test (correct)
  • As the type of microbial solid growth media used
  • As the energy source for bacterial growth
  • As the inhibitory compounds in bacterial growth
  • What does a fourfold rise of antibody titer in two serum samples taken 2 weeks apart indicate?

  • Use of differential media for diagnosis
  • Presence of inhibitory compounds in bacterial growth
  • Recent exposure to an infectious agent (correct)
  • Growth of bacteria on selective media
  • Which aspect is assessed through seroconversion in serology methods?

    <p>Detection of antibodies over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of measuring antibody titer in serology methods?

    <p>Detection of humoral immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a titer of 1280 indicate in serology?

    <p>Positive result after diluting the serum 1:1280 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using selective media in microbiology?

    <p>To allow the growth of only certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response involves immune cells that specifically recognize and clear infected host cells?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for the biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates?

    <p>Fatty-acid characterization (GC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To successfully isolate bacteria, what must we provide the bacteria

    <p>All the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe bacteria that have not been cultured on artificial media?

    <p>Unculturable bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In microbiology, what are the two general methods of methodology to aid in the diagnosis of bacterial infections?

    <p>A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for testing bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) and measures cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Tuberculin skin test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of detecting intracellular infectious agents like certain bacteria and viruses, which type of immune response is essential for their elimination?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of media promotes the growth of a specific microorganism by inhibiting the growth of others?

    <p>Selective media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate method for estimating bacterial numbers?

    <p>Gram-staining (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining technique is specifically used for acid-fast bacteria like Mycobacterium?

    <p>Ziehl-Neelsen staining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the FIRST and KEY step for accurate diagnostic testing of bacterial infections?

    <p>Proper specimen collection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of specimen collection method should be chosen based on factors like clinical symptoms, type of pathogen, and location of infection?

    <p>Selecting based on clinical symptoms, pathogen type, and infection location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main methods for the direct detection of the bacteria

    <p>A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the diagnostic process involves the selection of appropriate methodology for processing and analysis of biospecimens?

    <p>A and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What other tests/cultures can be used as extra information for identifying a potential fastidious organism?

    <p>B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of differential media in microbiology?

    <p>To distinguish different bacterial groups based on their characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microbial solid growth media allows the growth of a large number of non-fastidious bacteria?

    <p>General-purpose media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the inhibitory compounds commonly found in selective media for bacterial growth?

    <p>Bile salts and crystal violet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an energy source for bacterial growth in solid media-- specifically for a Macconkey Agar.

    <p>A and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do inhibitory compounds in solid media affect bacterial growth?

    <p>By largely inhibiting the growth of specific bacterial groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of MacConkey Agar?

    <p>To differentiate between lactose fermenting and non-lactose fermenting bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Blood agar considered a differential medium?

    <p>To differentiate bacteria based on their hemolytic properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are incubation conditions crucial for bacterial growth in culture?

    <p>To create an optimal environment for bacterial growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of solid media is routinely used for culturing routine samples?

    <p>All are routinely used. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Chocolate agar used for the culture of fastidious organisms?

    <p>To grow anaerobic bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes selective media from general-purpose media?

    <p>Selective media contain inhibitory compounds against certain types of bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for a diagnostic microbiology lab to use both selective and differential media?

    <p>To differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a MacConkey Agar media displays a yellow, colorless colony, what type of bacteria is exhibited?

    <p>Non lactose fermenting bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agar is a general purpose, enriched medium often used to grow fastidious organisms and to differentiate bacteria based on their hemolytic properties

    <p>Blood agar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two selections of methodology used in the detection of host immune responses?

    <p>Serology and Detection of cell mediated immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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