9 Questions
What is the prevalence of Down Syndrome in the UK and why has it remained static since 1989?
1:1000 live births. Selective terminations of approximately 90% of antenatal diagnoses.
What is the underlying cause of Down Syndrome?
Aneuploidy 'Trisomy 21,' where there are extra copies of chromosome 21 in each cell.
What is the name of the physician who first identified the phenotype of Down Syndrome?
Langden Down.
What are the four categories of birth weight for premature infants and their respective weight ranges?
< 37 weeks gestation: <2500g, <1500g, <1000g, <10th centile of birth weight for age.
Name five early complications that premature infants may face.
Hypothermia, respiratory distress syndrome, apnoea, hypotension, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, paralytic ileus, necrotizing enterocolitis, hypoglycaemia, hyperglycemia, neonatal jaundice, hypoprothrombinaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis.
What is the recommended temperature for the delivery suite to prevent hypothermia in premature infants, and how should they be managed before transfer?
26 degrees Celsius, wiped dry and wrapped in dry linen before transfer.
What are some common complications that premature infants may face, both early and late? Provide at least three examples of each.
Early complications may include hypothermia, respiratory distress syndrome, apnoea, hypotension, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, paralytic ileus, necrotizing enterocolitis, hypoglycaemia, hyperglycemia, neonatal jaundice, hypoprothrombinaemia, and hyponatraemia. Late complications may include sepsis, anaemia, osteopaenia of prematurity, retinopathy of prematurity, chronic lung disease, neuro-developmental disability, and psychosocial problems.
What is the definition of 'small for gestational age' in premature infants?
Small for gestational age refers to infants whose birth weight falls below the 10th centile of birth weight for their age.
What steps should be taken to manage premature infants before and during labour?
Before and during labour, the infant resuscitaire should be prewarmed and the temperature in the delivery suite should be increased to 26 degrees Celsius to prevent hypothermia. The baby must be wiped dry and wrapped in dry linen before transfer.
Fever, Cough, and Breathlessness in a 10-Month-Old Girl Quiz: Test your knowledge on the diagnosis and management of a case involving a child with a family history of bronchial asthma who presented with fever, cough, and breathlessness.
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