Diabetic Ketoacidosis Diagnosis in ER

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Questions and Answers

Which finding would most likely confirm a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

  • Comatose state
  • Increased respiration and a decrease in pH (correct)
  • Decreased urine output
  • Elevated blood glucose level and a high plasma bicarbonate

In the context of diabetic ketoacidosis, which of the following is an expected laboratory finding?

  • Decreased bicarbonate and increased plasma pH
  • Elevated blood glucose and decreased bicarbonate (correct)
  • Normal levels of blood electrolytes
  • Increased plasma bicarbonate and decreased blood glucose

What symptom is commonly associated with a severe case of diabetic ketoacidosis?

  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Constant fatigue
  • Kussmaul respirations (correct)
  • Increased urine output

Which of these scenarios does not align with typical DKA presentation?

<p>Normal arterial blood gas results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a critical state in a patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis?

<p>Presence of metabolic acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typically present in type 1 diabetes mellitus but absent in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

<p>Ketoacidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is generally associated with type 2 diabetes but not with type 1 diabetes?

<p>Obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is commonly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

<p>Presence of immunologic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is a distinguishing factor of type 1 diabetes compared to type 2 diabetes?

<p>Ketoacidosis occurrence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is often observed in individuals with type 1 diabetes but less so in type 2 diabetes?

<p>Development of ketoacidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in ER

A serious condition requiring immediate treatment, characterized by elevated blood glucose and ketones.

Confirming DKA

Finding specific indicators, such as increased respiration, decreased pH, or low plasma bicarbonate, to pinpoint the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Elevated blood glucose

A critical aspect of DKA, usually above normal range.

Low plasma bicarbonate

A significant indicator of metabolic acidosis in DKA, as bicarbonate acts as a buffer.

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Increased respiration in DKA (Kussmaul respirations)

Very deep and rapid breathing pattern, driven by the body's attempt to eliminate excess acid by exhaling CO2.

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Type 1 DM vs Type 2 DM

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the absence of endogenous insulin production, while Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and a relative deficiency in insulin production.

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Ketoacidosis

A potentially life-threatening complication associated with uncontrolled Type 1 diabetes, characterized by high blood sugar, excess ketone production, and metabolic acidosis.

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Endogenous insulin in Type 1 DM

Type 1 diabetes involves the complete destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a complete absence of endogenous insulin.

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Immunologic reactions in Type 1 DM

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system attacks the body's own cells, particularly the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

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Genetic concordance in Type 1 DM

Type 1 diabetes has a higher genetic concordance compared to Type 2, indicating a stronger genetic influence in its development.

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Study Notes

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Diagnosis in ER

  • Expected findings confirming DKA diagnosis: Increased respiration rate, decreased pH, decreased bicarbonate levels, and an increased plasma pH.
  • Incorrect option analysis:
    • Elevated blood glucose and high plasma bicarbonate levels are NOT consistent with DKA.
    • Decreased urine output is a general symptom, not a specific confirmation of DKA.
    • A comatose state is a severe symptom but not specific to DKA and can be caused by other conditions.

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