Diabetes Mellitus Overview
23 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?

  • Excessive thirst
  • Frequent headaches
  • Weight gain (correct)
  • Increased energy levels
  • Which treatment is most commonly used for hyperthyroidism?

  • Radioactive iodine therapy (correct)
  • Corticosteroids
  • Growth hormone injections
  • Insulin therapy
  • What hormone is primarily produced by the adrenal glands?

  • Insulin
  • Cortisol (correct)
  • Thyroxine
  • Glucagon
  • Cushing's syndrome is primarily caused by an excess of which hormone?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypothyroidism may cause which of the following conditions?

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by excessive production of ACTH?

    <p>Cushing's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the glucagon secreted by alpha cells?

    <p>Increase blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of Cushing's syndrome?

    <p>Pituitary tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate sodium and water balance?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is primarily caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Hashimoto's Thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment option is commonly used for managing hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Antithyroid agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major cause of Cushing Syndrome?

    <p>Pituitary tumors secreting ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing serum glucose levels produced by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by excessive levels of thyroid hormones causing a hypermetabolic state?

    <p>Graves’ disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with Cushing Syndrome?

    <p>Moon face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of Addison's Disease?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hypothyroidism, what is a common manifestation related to body temperature?

    <p>Sensitivity to cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would you NOT expect in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Decreased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does iodine play in thyroid hormone synthesis?

    <p>It is required for hormone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Autoimmune conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

    • A group of conditions, characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both
    • Impaired insulin production, or action, results in an abnormal carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
    • Complications:
      • Hyperglycemia: Blood glucose above 125 mg/dL while fasting
      • Glucose toxicity: affects blood vessels in the body, leading to cardiovascular damage
      • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Without enough insulin, the body begins to breakdown fat as fuel, which can lead to organ failure and cerebral edema

    Type 1 Diabetes

    • Insufficient insulin production
    • Immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells
    • Must take insulin - injections
    • Usually strikes children and young adults, but onset can occur at any age
    • Exact cause unknown, but most likely a viral or environmental trigger in genetically susceptible people that causes an autoimmune reaction
    • Cannot be prevented

    Prediabetes

    • Blood glucose levels are higher than normal
    • Cells become insulin-resistant
      • Adipose cells secrete immune/inflammatory substances that impair insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism
    • Glucose levels in the blood increase as a result of insulin resistance
      • Causes pancreas to increase insulin production to compensate
      • Hyperglycemia may destroy/desensitize beta cells (glucose toxicity)
    • Lifestyle changes can prevent or delay type 2 DM:
      • Diet high in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains
      • Increased physical activity

    Type 2 Diabetes

    • The pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce insulin
    • Risk factors: advancing age, obesity, family history of DM, physical inactivity
    • Usually managed initially with oral antidiabetic medications that increase insulin production and action
    • As the condition progresses, supplemental insulin is often necessary as pancreatic production declines

    Gestational Diabetes

    • A form of glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy
    • Treatment usually includes lifestyle changes and insulin
    • Women who have had gestational diabetes have a 40-60% chance of developing diabetes within 5-10 years
      • About 5-10% of women will be diagnosed with diabetes, usually type 2, immediately following pregnancy
    • Pregnancy Complications:
      • Increased fetal weight/size, premature birth, baby has a higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes later in life

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Endocrine Function PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of Diabetes Mellitus, including its definitions, causes, and types. This quiz covers hyperglycemia, Type 1 Diabetes characteristics, and prediabetes implications. Test your knowledge on the metabolic disorder that affects millions worldwide.

    More Like This

    Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
    5 questions
    Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State in Children
    8 questions
    Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
    25 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser