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Questions and Answers
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
Which of the following are symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus? (Select all that apply)
- Fatigue (correct)
- Increased appetite
- Polyuria (correct)
- Blurred vision (correct)
Match the classification with its description:
Match the classification with its description:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus = Insulin dependent diabetes, absolute insulin deficiency Type 2 diabetes mellitus = Non-insulin dependent, related to insulin resistance Gestational diabetes mellitus = Glucose intolerance occurring in pregnant women Other specific types of diabetes = Various causes not classified as Type 1 or Type 2
Type 1 diabetes primarily occurs in adults.
Type 1 diabetes primarily occurs in adults.
Diabetes Mellitus results from a defect in ______ secretion.
Diabetes Mellitus results from a defect in ______ secretion.
What is pre-diabetes?
What is pre-diabetes?
Gestational diabetes occurs without a previous history of diabetes.
Gestational diabetes occurs without a previous history of diabetes.
List one possible cause of secondary diabetes.
List one possible cause of secondary diabetes.
What is the prevalence of Type 1 diabetes among diabetes cases?
What is the prevalence of Type 1 diabetes among diabetes cases?
What characterizes Type 2 diabetes?
What characterizes Type 2 diabetes?
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Study Notes
Diabetes Mellitus
- A group of metabolic diseases that cause hyperglycemia due to a deficiency in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
- The primary cause of diabetes is either an inability to produce insulin or the inability of the body to effectively use the insulin produced.
Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
- Polyuria (Frequent urination)
- Polydipsia (Increased thirst)
- Polyphagia (Increased hunger)
- Weight loss
- Blurry vision
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Slow healing of cuts
- Itchy skin
- Vision changes
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
- Initially classified as Type 1 (Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - IDDM) and Type 2 (Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus - NIDDM)
- The ADA/WHO classification (1995) eliminated IDDM and NIDDM and instead adopted Arabic numerals.
Diabetes Mellitus Types
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from pancreatic islet β-cell destruction, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
- Accounts for 10-20% of all diabetes cases.
- Often diagnosed in childhood or adolescence (juvenile diabetes).
- Patients are often underweight.
- Prone to developing ketoacidosis.
- May be present in one or more marker (examples: islet cell antibodies, insulin antibodies).
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and a relative insulin deficiency.
- Accounts for the majority of diabetes cases.
- Diagnosed in adulthood.
- 80-90% of patients are overweight
- Secondary Diabetes
- Results from another medical condition or due to the treatment of a medical condition that causes abnormal blood glucose levels.
- Can be induced by conditions such as Cushing Syndrome (e.g. steroid administration), Hyperthyroidism, or Parenteral Nutrition
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
- Definition: Any degree of glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy in women without a previous history of diabetes.
- Cause: Metabolic and hormonal changes during pregnancy.
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