Diabetes Mellitus and Glucose Transporters Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA)?

  • A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher
  • A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher during an oral glucose tolerance test
  • A random plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which glucose transporter is responsible for the rate-limiting step of glucose metabolism?

  • SGLT1
  • GLUT1
  • GLUT5
  • GLUT4 (correct)

    • What is the main function of the SGLT1 glucose transporter?

  • To transport glucose across the intestinal epithelium (correct)
  • To transport glucose out of cells
  • To transport glucose into cells
  • To transport glucose across the renal epithelium

    • Which of the following is a primary symptom of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Polyphagia (excessive hunger)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which insulin lowers blood glucose levels?

    <p>Both a and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of insulin in glucose homeostasis?

    <p>Promoting glucose uptake and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glucose transporters is primarily responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?

    <p>GLUT4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gestational diabetes?

    <p>Increased insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for blood glucose concentration?

    <p>3.9-6.1 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pancreatic hormone is released by α-cells when blood glucose levels are low?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme deficiency leads to glycogen storage diseases?

    <p>Glycogen phosphorylase deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by hyperosmolar coma?

    <p>Diabetic ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fasting plasma glucose level that meets the current WHO diagnostic criteria for diabetes?

    <p>7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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