Diabetes Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of diabetes requires insulin injections for management?

  • Type I diabetes (correct)
  • Gestational diabetes
  • Type II diabetes
  • Prediabetes

    • Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with hyperglycemia?

  • Polyphagia
  • Shaky hands (correct)
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyuria

    • What is a common action a pharmacist should take for a patient presenting hypoglycemia with a blood glucose level of 4 mmol/L?

  • Administer long-acting insulin
  • Provide fast-acting carbohydrates (correct)
  • Advise the patient to eat a high-carb meal
  • Suggest increasing daily exercise

    • At what fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level is hyperglycemia indicated?

    <p>FPG &gt; 6.5 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly affected by Type I diabetes?

    <p>Young people under 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Enhance incretin hormone concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DPP-4 inhibitor is safe to use in patients with a creatinine clearance of 15 ml/min?

    <p>Linagliptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DPP-4 inhibitors act by inhibiting which enzyme?

    <p>Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for using DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Patients are intolerant to metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the incretin pathway, DPP-4 inhibitors primarily affect which process?

    <p>Inactivation of incretin hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary role does the PPAR-γ receptor play in the action of thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Activate genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a noted warning for the use of thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Increased risk of fluid retention and edema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition should thiazolidinediones not be initiated?

    <p>If ALT levels exceed 2.5 times the baseline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is commonly associated with the use of thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Weight gain from increased subcutaneous fat deposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contraindications applies to thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Individuals with serious hepatic impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between biologics and biosimilars?

    <p>Biosimilars may differ in production methods but have similar biological activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should insulin be stored to maintain its effectiveness?

    <p>In a refrigerator or at room temperature for up to 28 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the '30/70' notation in premixed insulin signify?

    <p>30% short acting and 70% intermediate acting insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if insulin shows turbidity or cloudiness?

    <p>Discard it and do not use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of insulin is not included in the premixed insulin categories mentioned?

    <p>Novolog 20/80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibits alpha-glucosidase in the intestinal border</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do alpha-glucosidase inhibitors affect the absorption of carbohydrates?

    <p>They decrease the absorption of starch and disaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sugar absorption is directly impacted by alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

    <p>Disaccharides and starches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential outcome of using alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in diabetic treatment?

    <p>Decrease in HbA1c levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have on starch?

    <p>They inhibit starch absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action for RAPID insulin?

    <p>2-3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin type peaks at 2 to 3 hours after administration?

    <p>REGULAR (R)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following insulins is classified as RAPID?

    <p>Humalog (Lispro)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hours does NPH insulin last?

    <p>14-18 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset time for Regular (R) insulin?

    <p>30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak time for NPH insulin?

    <p>4-8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin type is suitable for intravenous dosing?

    <p>Regular (R)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does RAPID insulin have after being taken at mealtime?

    <p>Lasts up to 3-4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of insulin and antidiabetic drugs that affects a significant percentage of patients?

    <p>Stomach upset or diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a contraindication for the use of metformin?

    <p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious condition can occur due to the accumulation of metformin in patients with certain health issues?

    <p>Lactic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common factor that increases the risk of lactic acidosis in patients taking metformin?

    <p>Radiographic contrast media usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does excessive alcohol intake affect metformin treatment?

    <p>Potentiates hypoglycemia and increases lactic acidosis risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin type is characterized by its ability to mimic long-acting effects and last up to 24 hours?

    <p>Long acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial characteristic of Glargine (Lantus) that distinguishes it from other insulins?

    <p>It should not be mixed with other insulins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin is specifically recommended for emergency management of hyperglycemic crisis?

    <p>Regular insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What identifies the action profile of long-acting insulin?

    <p>Lowers glucose levels evenly without peaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often is Degludec (Tresiba) administered?

    <p>Once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential effect does a double dosage of regular insulin have on an individual?

    <p>Hypoglycemic symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should rapid insulin be administered in relation to meals?

    <p>10-15 minutes before meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about basal insulin administration is true?

    <p>It typically requires titration based on meal times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following classes of drugs increases insulin secretion from the pancreas?

    <p>Sulfonylureas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of Sulfonylureas?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Biguanides like Metformin?

    <p>Increase insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DPP-4 inhibitors enhance which hormone?

    <p>Incretin hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for using 1st Generation Sulfonylureas?

    <p>Severe infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class does not primarily function by increasing insulin secretion?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following classes is an agonist of PPAR-gamma?

    <p>Thiazolidinediones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is a 2nd generation Sulfonylurea?

    <p>Gliclazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of meglitinides over sulfonylureas?

    <p>They provide better post-prandial glucose control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with glyburide?

    <p>Hypoglycemia, especially in the elderly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the therapeutic use of sulfonylureas is correct?

    <p>They are typically used as adjunct therapy when metformin is contraindicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What monitoring is essential for patients on sulfonylureas?

    <p>Regular testing of blood and urine sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of meglitinides?

    <p>Hypersensitivity to the drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Insulin and Antidiabetic Drugs

    • Two types of diabetes mellitus exist: type I and type II.
    • Type I diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
    • Type I diabetes usually begins in younger people under 40 and of normal weight.

    Hyperglycemia

    • Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >6.5 mmol/L
    • Symptoms include: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and fatigue.

    Hypoglycemia

    • FPG <4 mmol/L
    • Symptoms include: sweating, shaking, tremor, hungry and palpitation, confusion, disorientation, dizziness.

    Normal Blood Sugar Levels (BSL)

    • Fasting blood sugar levels 5 to 6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL)

    • Random blood sugar levels 11 mmol/L

    • Post prandial sugar levels

    • HbA1c: normal is 4 to 6%, measures past three months blood sugar levels.

    • Treatment of diabetes begins if HbA1c >6.5% and FPG >7 mmol.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on diabetes management, including types of diabetes, symptoms of hyperglycemia, and treatment options such as DPP-4 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones. This quiz covers key concepts important for healthcare professionals and students in the field of medicine.

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