Diabetes Management Quiz

<p>The average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine the minimum dose of Metformin needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>500 mg twice daily or 850 mg once daily (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid-lowering drug therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDL &lt; 70 mg/dL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HbA1c &lt; 7% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If HbA1c is greater than 10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiplatelet medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slowing glucose release from the liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clopidogrel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with low cardiovascular risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACE inhibitors and ARBs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not cause hypoglycemia by itself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACE inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is an autoimmune reaction damaging insulin-producing cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine (Rapid-acting Insulin) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30-60 minutes before eating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides baseline insulin coverage lasting up to 24 hours or more. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin is produced but not utilized effectively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NPH (Intermediate-acting Insulin) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a synthetic analog of human amylin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slows gastric emptying and promotes satiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>41 years and older (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose 15-20 g orally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When traditional approaches to glycemic control fail (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>May reduce insulin dose but glycemic control effect is unclear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin 75 mg/day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACE inhibitors or ARBs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prescribe glucagon and train caregivers on its use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease insulin resistance and hepatic glucose production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miglitol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibit glucose reabsorption in the kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolong the action of incretins like GLP-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lifestyle changes with potential oral medication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low HDL cholesterol levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They promote insulin secretion in response to meals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, preventing the body from making its own insulin.

Type 2 diabetes develops when the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or the cells become resistant to the insulin produced, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that develops during pregnancy. It occurs when the body can't produce enough insulin to manage the extra sugars in the blood during pregnancy.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows the body to use glucose (sugar) for energy. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin, so patients have to take it externally.

Rapid-acting insulin, like Aspart, Lispro, and Glulisine, starts working quickly, peaks within 1-2 hours, and lasts about 4 hours. It's typically taken before meals to manage blood sugar spikes after eating.

Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin, it starts working in 30 minutes to 1 hour, peaks in 2-3 hours, and lasts for up to 6 hours. It's used to control blood sugar levels around meal times.

NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin, it starts working 2-4 hours after injection, peaks between 4-12 hours, and lasts for around 12-18 hours. It's used for longer coverage, often combined with rapid or regular insulin.

Detemir and Glargine are long-acting insulins. They start working gradually, have no pronounced peak, and provide sustained insulin levels, lasting up to 24 hours or more. They provide baseline insulin coverage throughout the day.

A medication that slows down the stomach's emptying process, leading to a feeling of fullness and helping to prevent blood sugar spikes after meals.

Metformin is a medication that helps the body utilize insulin more effectively. In type 1 diabetes, it might reduce the insulin dose needed, but its impact on blood sugar control is still being studied.

Statins are a type of lipid-lowering drug commonly recommended for diabetic patients over 40 due to their increased risk of heart disease. They are also sometimes used in younger patients.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are two types of blood pressure medications that are frequently prescribed for individuals with diabetes.

Aspirin is often recommended as a primary prevention strategy for type 1 diabetic individuals with an increased risk of heart disease, particularly those who are 50 years or older and have at least one additional risk factor.

Pancreas or islet transplantation may be considered for individuals with type 1 diabetes who have unstable blood sugar control despite conventional treatments.

If a person with type 1 diabetes is conscious and able to swallow, 15-20 grams of glucose, in any form of carbohydrate, should be administered orally. If they are unconscious or unable to swallow, 25 grams of glucose should be given intravenously.

All individuals with type 1 diabetes at significant risk of severe hypoglycemia should be prescribed glucagon, and their caregivers or family members should be trained on its use.

Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. It helps the body use insulin more effectively and reduces glucose production in the liver.

If glycemic goals are not met on metformin alone, a second drug is added. This could be an oral antidiabetic agent or an injectable medication.

If glycemic goals are not met on a 2-drug combination, a third drug is added.

Oral antidiabetic agents are medications taken by mouth to help manage blood sugar levels. They work in different ways, such as increasing insulin production, improving insulin sensitivity, or slowing down glucose absorption.

Injectable antidiabetic agents are medications that are injected to help manage blood sugar levels. They work by mimicking the body's natural insulin, helping the body use glucose for energy.

A1c levels, also known as HbA1c, are a measure of average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months in individuals with diabetes. They provide a crucial indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of diabetes management strategies and adjusting treatments accordingly.

Metformin is the initial medication commonly recommended for treating type 2 diabetes. It aids in improving the body's utilization of insulin and reduces glucose production in the liver.

When lifestyle changes and initial medications fail to achieve the desired blood sugar control goals within three months, a second medication is typically added to the treatment plan. This can involve an oral antidiabetic agent or an injectable medication, depending on individual needs and preferences.

Individuals with diabetes should aim to reduce their consumption of fried foods and adopt a healthier diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Regular physical activity, such as exercise or sports, is also essential for maintaining optimal blood sugar control.

Lifestyle modifications and medication adjustment are crucial for managing diabetes. A1c levels are used to monitor blood sugar levels and adjust treatment plans accordingly, sometimes involving a combination of oral and injectable medications.

Metformin is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It slows down glucose release from the liver and helps cells use glucose. Metformin can also lower fat and cholesterol levels and doesn't cause hypoglycemia by itself.

ACE inhibitors and ARBs are medications used to lower blood pressure by blocking the renin-angiotensin system, which narrows blood vessels and raises pressure.

Aspirin (low dose) and clopidogrel are medications used to prevent blood clots and reduce heart disease risk in people with diabetes. Aspirin is the preferred choice for most patients, while clopidogrel is an alternative for those allergic to aspirin.

Insulin therapy is the preferred treatment for gestational diabetes, a temporary condition during pregnancy. Metformin can also sometimes be used safely during pregnancy in gestational diabetes.

Patients with diabetes are at increased cardiovascular risk, making it crucial to consider aspirin as a preventive measure. This is especially important for men over 50 and women over 60 with additional risk factors. Aspirin is also recommended for patients with a history of cardiovascular disease as a secondary prevention strategy.

Most patients with diabetes, particularly those with increased cardiovascular risk, benefit from preventive measures with aspirin. However, for patients with low cardiovascular risk, aspirin may not be necessary.

A class of medications that work by decreasing insulin resistance in the liver and peripheral tissues, increasing glucose uptake, and reducing hepatic glucose production.

A class of drugs that stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas and potentially increase tissue sensitivity to insulin.

A class of medications that work by slowing down the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine, leading to a slower and lower rise in blood glucose levels after meals.

A type of medication that works by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine.

This class of drugs includes GLP-1 mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors. GLP-1 mimetics mimic the action of GLP-1, a hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and slows gastric emptying. DPP-4 inhibitors block the breakdown of GLP-1.

A medication often used for type 2 diabetes that works by reducing glucose production by the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity in the tissues.

This class of medication is often used to help manage type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas and enhancing insulin sensitivity in the cells.

This class of medication is often used to help manage type 2 diabetes by targeting multiple pathways involved in glucose metabolism.