60 Questions
What instruction would the school nurse provide to prevent hypoglycemia during soccer practice?
Eat a small box of raisins or drink a cup of orange juice before soccer practice
What action should the nurse instruct the parents to take when the child's urine is positive for ketones?
Encourage the child to drink liquids
What is the priority assessment before administering the IV solution to a child with hypotonic dehydration?
Obtains a weight
What assessment findings would the nurse expect to note in an adolescent client with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Hyperventilation and dehydration
Why would the nurse instruct the parents to encourage the child to drink liquids when the child's urine is positive for ketones?
To prevent dehydration
What is the primary goal of administering an IV solution of 5% dextrose and half-normal saline to a child with hypotonic dehydration?
To correct dehydration and provide electrolytes
A nurse is assessing a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus and notes the presence of fruity breath odor, decreasing level of consciousness, and cold, clammy skin. What diagnosis can be inferred?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
A nurse reviews the result of a phenylketonuria rescreening blood test for a 2-week-old infant, which indicates a serum phenylalanine level of 1 mg/dL (60.5 mcmol/L). What interpretation can be made?
The test is negative
A nurse is planning care for a child with a temperature of 102° F (38.8° C) who has just received ibuprofen. What action should the nurse take?
Remove excess clothing and blankets
A nurse is assessing a child with a fluid volume deficit. What finding indicates that the deficit is resolving?
Capillary refill is less than 2 seconds
A nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous (IV) infusion to a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. What type of infusion should the nurse prepare?
Normal saline infusion
A nurse is assessing a child with hypoglycemia. What symptoms may the child exhibit?
Sweating and tremors
What is the primary concern when administering potassium chloride intravenously to a patient with hypotonic dehydration?
Evaluating the patient's urine output
Which of the following signs is NOT associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Hypertension
Why is hydration essential in managing diabetic ketoacidosis?
To aid in clearing ketones
What is the primary difference between hypotonic dehydration and diabetic ketoacidosis?
Insulin deficiency
Which of the following assessments is NOT related to the administration of potassium chloride?
Level of consciousness
What is the characteristic breath odor associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Fruity
What is the characteristic blood phenylalanine level in individuals with phenylketonuria?
Greater than 20 mg/dL
What is the primary goal of administering normal saline in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis?
To rehydrate the patient
Why is aspirin not administered to a child with fever?
Because of the risk of Reye’s syndrome
What is the primary reason for testing for urinary ketones in a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
To aid in clearing ketones when the child is sick
What is the normal blood phenylalanine level?
Between 0 to 2 mg/dL
What is the first step in treating a child with fever after administering ibuprofen?
Remove excess clothing and blankets
What is the recommended snack size to prevent hypoglycemia in a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
15-30 g of carbohydrates
What is the blood glucose level that is considered hypoglycemic?
Less than 70 mg/dL (4 mmol/L)
What is the primary complication of diabetes mellitus being discussed?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
When should a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus eat an extra snack to prevent hypoglycemia?
Before activities such as soccer practice
What would be an appropriateFluid intake for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus who is sick?
Encouragement to drink liquids
What would not be done when a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L)?
Double the meal amounts
What instruction would the school nurse provide to a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus to prevent hypoglycemia during soccer practice?
Eat a small box of raisins or drink a cup of orange juice before soccer practice
What action would the nurse instruct the parents to take when the child's urine is positive for ketones?
Administer an additional dose of regular insulin and encourage the child to drink liquids
What is the primary goal of administering an IV solution of 5% dextrose and half-normal saline to a child with hypotonic dehydration?
To correct the electrolyte imbalance
What assessment finding would the nurse expect to note in an adolescent client with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Fruity breath odor and decreased level of consciousness
What is the priority assessment before administering the IV solution to a child with hypotonic dehydration?
Checking the amount of urine output
What would the nurse instruct the parents to do when the child's urine is positive for ketones and the child is sick?
Encourage the child to drink liquids and administer an additional dose of regular insulin
A parent brings a 2-week-old infant to a clinic for a phenylketonuria rescreening blood test. What can be concluded about the test result of 1 mg/dL (60.5 mcmol/L) serum phenylalanine level?
The test is negative for phenylketonuria.
What type of intravenous (IV) infusion would the nurse prepare for a child with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Normal saline infusion
A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department with symptoms of abdominal pain and lethargy. What diagnosis can be inferred?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
What action should the nurse take after administering ibuprofen to a child with a temperature of 102° F (38.8° C)?
Remove excess clothing and blankets.
What finding indicates that a child's fluid volume deficit is resolving?
Capillary refill is less than 2 seconds.
What is the primary goal of administering an IV solution of 5% dextrose and half-normal saline to a child with hypotonic dehydration?
To provide fluids and electrolytes.
What is the primary goal of giving the child a snack before activities like soccer practice?
To prevent hypoglycemia
What is the primary reason for testing the child's urine for ketones?
To monitor for the presence of urinary ketones during illness
What is the recommended action when the child's blood glucose level is 60 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L)?
Wait 30 minutes and confirm the blood glucose reading
What is the primary benefit of encouraging the child to drink liquids when the child's urine is positive for ketones?
To aid in clearing the ketones
What is the primary reason for not adjusting the amount or time of insulin administration when the child is sick?
Because the child's insulin needs do not change during illness
What is the primary goal of providing a snack of 15 to 30 g of carbohydrates when the child is participating in activities like soccer practice?
To prevent hypoglycemia
What is the primary reason for rehydration in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis?
To restore the balance of electrolytes
What is the rationale for not administering aspirin to a child with fever?
Risk of Reye's syndrome
What is the characteristic blood phenylalanine level in individuals with phenylketonuria?
Greater than 20 mg/dL (1210 mcmol/L)
What is the primary goal of administering NPH insulin in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Not applicable, as NPH insulin is not administered IV
What is the rationale for encouraging fluid intake in a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus who is sick?
To prevent dehydration
What is the interpretation of a serum phenylalanine level of 1 mg/dL (60.5 mcmol/L) in a 2-week-old infant?
Indicates a negative diagnosis of phenylketonuria
What is the primary indication that a fluid volume deficit is resolving in a child?
Capillary refill time less than 2 seconds
What is the definition of hypoglycemia?
Blood glucose level of less than 70 mg/dL
What should be administered orally to a child with hypoglycemia?
Rapid-releasing glucose followed by a complex carbohydrate and protein
What should be done if the child remains unconscious after administering glucose?
Administer glucagon
Why is an extra snack given to a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
To prevent hypoglycemia
What is the purpose of retesting the blood glucose level 15 minutes after administering glucose?
To assess the effectiveness of glucose administration
Test your knowledge on how to prevent hypoglycemia in school-age children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, especially during physical activities like soccer practice. Learn about the correct insulin and food intake instructions.
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