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Diabetes Diagnosis and Screening

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of detecting microalbuminuria in diabetic patients?

To detect nephropathy at an early stage (correct)

To measure glucose levels

To diagnose diabetes

To measure HbA1c

What is the significance of the albumin-creatinine ratio in microalbuminuria screening?

It detects ketone bodies

It indicates nephropathy

It determines the presence of microalbuminuria (correct)

It measures glucose levels

Which enzyme is used in the enzymatic method of detecting 3-b-hydroxybutyric acid or acetoacetic acid?

Dehydrogenase

3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (correct)

Oxidase

Hydroxylase

What is the purpose of measuring Non-Protein Nitrogenous Compounds (NPNs)?

To assess renal function Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a random spot collection in microalbuminuria screening?

It is one of the methods used to collect urine samples Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Gerhardt's ferric chloride reaction in ketone testing?

It detects acetoacetic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceptable range of HbA1c values?

4-6% Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of sample required for HbA1c measurement?

Whole Blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate average glucose from HbA1c result?

𝑒𝐴𝐺 (𝑚𝑔/𝑑𝐿) = 28. 7 × 𝐻𝑏𝐴1𝑐 − 46. 7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the method that uses ferric chloride to detect ketones?

Gerhardt's method Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method of HbA1c measurement?

Affinity chromatography Signup and view all the answers

What is the method that uses boronate groups to selectively elute glycosylated hemoglobin?

Affinity chromatography Signup and view all the answers

What is measured spectrophotometrically by converting nitrogen to ammonia?

Nitrogenous compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Nessler's reagent in measuring urea?

To react with ammonia in the presence of a pale yellow reagent Signup and view all the answers

What is measured in the kinetic method of determining urea levels?

The amount of nitrogen in the blood sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal reference range for urea levels in the blood?

6 to 20 milligrams per dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of diacetyl monoxime in measuring urea levels?

To react with water resulting in hydroxylamine and diacetyl Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between diacetyl and acidified urea?

A yellow diazine derivative Signup and view all the answers